Valuing Australian cultural institutions: developing a cultural worldview scale

This paper explores the relationship between cultural attitudes and estimates of the economic value of cultural institutions. The relationship is tested with preliminary findings from an empirical study of the economic value of two national cultural institutions in Australia—the National Museum of Australia and Old Parliament House (the historic former national parliament building). The two institutions are the subject of separate choice modelling surveys aimed at estimating their economic value. An innovative element of the study is the development of a cultural worldview (CW) scale, similar in concept to the new ecological paradigm scale, to measure the latent characteristics of respondents. The study enables the testing of relationships between the CW scale, socio-demographic variables, and the stated economic values

Mobile Application Development Platform Adoption: A Grounded Theory Investigation

Prior research on information technology (IT) adoption has examined adoption of individual technologies with little attention to the adoption of IT platforms. IT platforms are general purpose technologies that are used by application developers to build specific applications for individual or organizational needs. IT platform adoption is different from the adoption of independent IT, in that (1) platform adoption requires substantial up-front knowledge investments, (2) the potential benefits from such adoption depend on network externalities, and (3) adopters are developers rather than end-users, To understand what factors drive IT platform adoption, we interviewed 35 developers of mobile applications, and analyzed their responses using a grounded theoretic approach. Our findings suggests that a wide range of factors drive IT platform adoption, including platform characteristics, network externalities, personal motivation, personal knowledge and innovativeness, and social influence

Mapping entanglement in and out of quantum memories

We report entanglement generation in atomic quantum memories via deterministic mapping of photonic entanglement. The atomic entanglement is retrieved back into photon modes after a programmable storage time, with an overall efficiency of 17%

Consumer Likings of Different Miracle Fruit Products on Different Sour Foods

Miracle fruit has a high potential as a healthy sweetening enhancer, due to its powerful antioxidant capacity and its unique ability to transform sour taste into sweet taste. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different miracle fruit products on the likings of different sour foods.In total, 200 healthy adults (women 55%, 18–65 years old) evaluated five sour foods (apple, goat cheese, lemonade, yogurt, pickle) before and after miracle fruit application. Four commercial miracle fruit products (pills-Y; G; M, powder-P) were randomly assigned to each panelist. The pre- and post-test likings for overall, flavor, texture, and aftertaste were evaluated by using a nine-point scale.The “meeting expectations” was evaluated only in the post-tests. After miracle fruit administration,all the liking scores in yogurt, goat cheese, and apple increased; in contrast, lemonade and pickle liking scores decreased, except lemonade’s texture with the P product. The Tukey post hoc test showed that the pre-to-post increments for overall, flavor, and texture likings in yogurt and in overall and flavor likings in apple using M product were significantly higher than using other products(p\u3c 0.05). This study suggests that miracle fruit application can be an effective method for improving consumer likings for yogurt, goat cheese, and apple

COMET-ATOMIC 2020: On Symbolic and Neural Commonsense Knowledge Graphs

Recent years have brought about a renewed interest in commonsense representation and reasoning in the field of natural language understanding. The development of new commonsense knowledge graphs (CSKG) has been central to these advances as their diverse facts can be used and referenced by machine learning models for tackling new and challenging tasks. At the same time, there remain questions about the quality and coverage of these resources due to the massive scale required to comprehensively encompass general commonsense knowledge. In this work, we posit that manually constructed CSKGs will never achieve the coverage necessary to be applicable in all situations encountered by NLP agents. Therefore, we propose a new evaluation framework for testing the utility of KGs based on how effectively implicit knowledge representations can be learned from them. With this new goal, we propose ATOMIC 2020, a new CSKG of general-purpose commonsense knowledge containing knowledge that is not readily available in pretrained language models. We evaluate its properties in comparison with other leading CSKGs, performing the first large-scale pairwise study of commonsense knowledge resources. Next, we show that ATOMIC 2020 is better suited for training knowledge models that can generate accurate, representative knowledge for new, unseen entities and events. Finally, through human evaluation, we show that the few-shot performance of GPT-3 (175B parameters), while impressive, remains ~12 absolute points lower than a BART-based knowledge model trained on ATOMIC 2020 despite using over 430x fewer parameters

Intravenous lidocaine as a non-opioid adjunct analgesic for traumatic rib fractures.

INTRODUCTION: Pain management is the pillar of caring for patients with traumatic rib fractures. Intravenous lidocaine (IVL) is a well-established non-opioid analgesic for post-operative pain, yet its efficacy has yet to be investigated in trauma patients. We hypothesized that IVL is associated with decreased inpatient opioid requirements among patients with rib fractures. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated adult patients presenting to our Level 1 trauma center with isolated chest wall injuries. After 1:1 propensity score matching patients who received vs did not receive IVL, we compared the two groups\u27 average daily opioid use, opioid use in the last 24 hours of admission, and pain scores during admissions hours 24-48. We performed multivariable linear regression for these outcomes (with sensitivity analysis for the opioid use outcomes), adjusting for age as a moderating factor and controlling for hospital length of stay and injury severity. RESULTS: We identified 534 patients, among whom 226 received IVL. Those who received IVL were older and had more serious injury. Compared to propensity-score matched patients who did not receive IVL, patients who received IVL had similar average daily opioid use and pain scores, but 40% lower opioid use during the last 24 hours of admission (p = 0.002). Multivariable regression-with and without sensitivity analysis-did not show an effect of IVL on any outcomes. CONCLUSION: IVL was crudely associated with decreased opioid requirements in the last 24 hours of admission, the time period associated with opioid use at 90 days post-discharge. However, we did not observe beneficial effects of IVL on multivariable adjusted analyses; we are conducting a randomized control trial to further evaluate IVL\u27s opioid-sparing effects for patients with rib fractures

Psychological Abuse, Mental Health, and Acceptance of Dating Violence Among Adolescents

Purpose Existing literature indicates that acceptance of dating violence is a significant and robust risk factor for psychological dating abuse perpetration. Past work also indicates a significant relationship between psychological dating abuse perpetration and poor mental health. However, no known research has examined the relationship between acceptance of dating violence, perpetration of dating abuse, and mental health. In addition to exploring this complex relationship, the present study examines whether psychological abuse perpetration mediates the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and mental health (i.e., internalizing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility). Methods Three waves of longitudinal data were obtained from 1,042 ethnically diverse high school students in Texas. Participants completed assessments of psychological dating abuse perpetration, acceptance of dating violence, and internalizing symptoms (hostility and symptoms of anxiety and depression). Results As predicted, results indicated that perpetration of psychological abuse was significantly associated with acceptance of dating violence and all internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, psychological abuse mediated the relationship between acceptance of dating violence and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Findings from the present study suggest that acceptance of dating violence is an important target for the prevention of dating violence and related emotional distress

Seladelpar treatment reduces interleukin-31 and pruritus in patients with primary biliary cholangitis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pruritus is a debilitating symptom for many people living with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). In studies with seladelpar, a selective PPAR-delta agonist, PBC patients experienced significant improvement in pruritus and reduction of serum bile acids. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a cytokine known to mediate pruritus and blocking IL-31 signaling provides relief in pruritic skin diseases. This study examined the connection between seladelpar's anti-pruritic effects, IL-31 and bile acid levels in PBC patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS: IL-31 levels were quantified in serum samples from the ENHANCE study of PBC patients receiving daily oral doses of placebo (n=55), seladelpar 5 mg (n=53) or 10 mg (n=53) for 3 months and for healthy volunteers (n=55). IL-31 levels were compared with pruritus using a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0-10) and with bile acid levels. Baseline IL-31 levels closely correlated with pruritus NRS (r=0.54, p<0.0001), and total (r=0.54, p<0.0001) and conjugated bile acids (up to 0.64, p<0.0001). Decreases in IL-31 were observed with seladelpar 5 mg (-30%, p=0.0003) and 10 mg (-52%, p<0.0001) versus placebo (+31%). Patients with clinically meaningful improvement in pruritus (NRS≥2 decrease) demonstrated greater dose-dependent reductions in IL-31 compared to those without pruritus improvement (NRS<2 decrease). Strong correlations were observed for the changes between levels of IL-31 and total bile acids (r=0.63, p<0.0001) in the seladelpar 10 mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Seladelpar decreased serum IL-31 and bile acids in PBC patients. The reductions of IL-31 and bile acids correlated closely with each other and pruritus improvement suggesting a mechanism to explain seladelpar's anti-pruritic effects