522 research outputs found
A Multilevel Study Of Supportive Leadership And Individual Work Outcomes: The Mediating Roles Of Team Cooperation, Job Satisfaction, And Team Commitment
Due to increasing empowerment in work teams, team leadersā supportive role in helping team members perform their tasks is deemed important. The present study aimed at exploring the multilevel dynamics involving team leadersā supportive leadership and individual work outcomes. Longitudinal survey data were collected from 536 employees in 69 teams of a large engineering company located in South Korea. The results of multilevel structural equation modeling showed that individualsā perceptions of supportive leadership were positively related to their subsequent task performance, and that this relationship was mediated by team commitment. The relationship between individual-level perceptions of supportive leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) was mediated by job satisfaction and team commitment. On the other hand, team cooperation mediated the relationship between team-level perceptions of supportive leadership and OCB. These findings provide meaningful insights into multilevel mediation processes involving different levels of supportive leadership perceptions
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A and E Viruses Based on the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey in Korea
AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Korea during 2005.MethodsStudy subjects were selected from across Korea using a stratified multistage probability sampling design, and HAV and HEV seroprevalence was compared on the basis of sex, age, and residency. A total of 497 rural and urban people aged 10ā99 years of age (meanĀ Ā±Ā SD ageĀ =Ā 28.87Ā Ā±Ā 17.63Ā years) were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and tested serologically for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAmong this population, the overall seroprevalence of HAV was 63.80% (55.21% aged in their 20s and 95.92% in their 30s, pĀ <Ā 0.01) and that of HEV was 9.40% (5.21% aged in their 20s and 7.14% in their 30s, pĀ <Ā 0.01). Seroprevalence also varied according to area of residence. HEV prevalence in rural areas was higher than that of urban regions based on the anti-HEV antibody, odds ratio 3.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.46ā7.10, pĀ <Ā 0.01). There were no significant differences between male and female against anti-HAV/HEV antibodies.ConclusionOur study suggested that the seropositive rates of HAV and HEV might be related to age and environmental conditions
Interpretable pap smear cell representation for cervical cancer screening
Screening is critical for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer
but it is time-consuming and laborious. Supervised deep convolutional neural
networks have been developed to automate pap smear screening and the results
are promising. However, the interest in using only normal samples to train deep
neural networks has increased owing to class imbalance problems and
high-labeling costs that are both prevalent in healthcare. In this study, we
introduce a method to learn explainable deep cervical cell representations for
pap smear cytology images based on one class classification using variational
autoencoders. Findings demonstrate that a score can be calculated for cell
abnormality without training models with abnormal samples and localize
abnormality to interpret our results with a novel metric based on absolute
difference in cross entropy in agglomerative clustering. The best model that
discriminates squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from normals gives 0.908 +- 0.003
area under operating characteristic curve (AUC) and one that discriminates
high-grade epithelial lesion (HSIL) 0.920 +- 0.002 AUC. Compared to other
clustering methods, our method enhances the V-measure and yields higher
homogeneity scores, which more effectively isolate different abnormality
regions, aiding in the interpretation of our results. Evaluation using in-house
and additional open dataset show that our model can discriminate abnormality
without the need of additional training of deep models.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure
Direct cell-to-cell transfer in stressed tumor microenvironment aggravates tumorigenic or metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer exhibits a characteristic tumor microenvironment (TME) due to enhanced fibrosis and hypoxia and is particularly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TME-associated treatment resistance in pancreatic cancer are not fully understood. Here, we developed an in vitro TME mimic system comprising pancreatic cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells, and a stress condition, including hypoxia and gemcitabine. Cells with high viability under stress showed evidence of increased direct cell-to-cell transfer of biomolecules. The resulting derivative cells (CD4
Stemness Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Placentas According to Developmental Stage: Comparison to Those from Adult Bone Marrow
This study was done to evaluate the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from placenta according to the development stage and to compare the results to those from adult bone marrow (BM). Based on the source of hMSCs, three groups were defined: group I included term placentas, group II included first-trimester placentas, and group III included adult BM samples. The stemness was evaluated by the proliferation capacity, immunophenotypic expression, mesoderm differentiation, expression of pluripotency markers including telomerase activity. The cumulative population doubling, indicating the proliferation capacity, was significantly higher in group II (P<0.001, 31.7Ā±5.8 vs. 15.7Ā±6.2 with group I, 9.2Ā±4.9 with group III). The pattern of immunophenotypic expression and mesoderm differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes were similar in all three groups. The expression of pluripotency markers including ALP, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, Oct-4, and telomerase were strongly positive in group II, but very faint positive in the other groups. In conclusions, hMSCs from placentas have different characteristics according to their developmental stage and express mesenchymal stemness potentials similar to those from adult human BMs
A Case of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in Primary Small Cell Prostate Cancer
Primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare and very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, even in its localized form. We managed a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate. The patient was treated with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Herein we report this first case of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed in a patient with primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate
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