Comparison of the serum anti-PMMoV antibody level (a, total antibody; b, IgM) between individuals with PMMoV RNA-positive and PMMoV RNA-negative stool.

<p>The dashed lines indicate the optical density cut-off values that were chosen for positive PMMoV serology using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve test.</p

Univariate analysis for risk factors and biological and clinical features in association with the detection by real-time PCR of PMMoV RNA from stools.

<p>Footnote: -. undefined; Nb, Number; Nc, not calculable; <i>p</i> values <0.05 are in boldface.</p>a<p>63 years was the median age of the adult patients tested in the case-control study.</p>b<p>Blood markers of inflammation were elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and/or C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels in serum.</p

Summary of postulates and findings about interactions of PMMoV with the host immune system, its replication in non-plant tissues, and its potential link with clinical signs.

<p>Summary of postulates and findings about interactions of PMMoV with the host immune system, its replication in non-plant tissues, and its potential link with clinical signs.</p

Electron microscopy of <i>Pepper mild mottle virus</i> (PMMoV)-RNA positive samples.

<p>Footnote: The samples analyzed by electron microscopy were (a) Tabasco sauce; (b) PMMoV purified from Tabasco sauce. The samples analyzed following immunogold staining were: (c) PMMoV purified from Tabasco sauce; (d) a PMMoV-RNA positive patient's stool sample; (e) PMMoV purified from Tabasco sauce stained with antibodies from a non immunized mouse (negative control no.1) and (f) a rotavirus-positive sample (negative control no.2).</p

Local lesions typical of PMMoV infection on <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> cultivar Xanthi NN plants following inoculation of processed PMMoV RNA-positive food products.

<p>Footnote: Leaves of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> cultivar Xanthi NN plants (a, e) non inoculated (negative control); (b, f) inoculated with buffer only (negative control); (c, and detail: d) inoculated with a processed PMMoV RNA-positive Tabasco sample; (g, and detail: h) inoculated with a PMMoV RNA-positive food product (no. 17; <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010041#pone-0010041-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>).</p

Phylogenetic comparison of PMMoV nucleotide sequences recovered in the present study and corresponding (a) to a region located near the 5′ end of the genome or (b) to a region in the capsid gene to PMMoV sequences selected from GenBank.

<p>Footnote: The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method based on the 5′ region (a) of the PMMoV genome or a region in the capsid gene (b). The PMMoV sequences recovered from patients' stool in the present study are in the boldface, white font and are indicated by a black square. Their name is labeled as follows: Mars_Laboratory identification number_Gender-Age_Clinical unit where the patient received care. The PMMoV sequences recovered from food products in the present study are in a boldface and are indicated by a gray square. Their name is labeled as follows: Mars_Name of the food product_Country where food product was manufactured. The remaining PMMoV sequences were obtained from GenBank. Their name is labeled as follows: GenBank Accession no._Coutry of origin_Year of submission to GenBank. Bootstrap values are indicated when greater than 50% as a percentage obtained from 1,000 resamplings of the data. The scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. The sequence of <i>Tobacco mild green mosaic virus</i> (GenBank Accession No. NC_001556) and <i>Tropical soda apple mosaic virus</i> (GenBank Accession No. AY956381) were used as outgroups.</p

PMMoV RNA sequences recovered from food products.

<p>PMMoV RNA sequences recovered from food products.</p

Pulmonary hypertension subtypes associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: Haemodynamic profiles and survival probability

<div><p>Background</p><p>Different pulmonary hypertension (PH) mechanisms are associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).</p><p>Methods and results</p><p>We conducted a retrospective study of all suspected cases of PH (echocardiographically estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure [sPAP] ≥ 40 mmHg) in patients with definite HHT recorded in the French National Reference Centre for HHT database. When right heart catheterization (RHC) was performed, PH cases were confirmed and classified among the PH groups according to the European guidelines. Among 2,598 patients in the database, 110 (4.2%) had suspected PH. Forty-seven of these 110 patients had RHC: 38/47 (81%) had a confirmed diagnosis of PH. The majority of these had isolated post-capillary PH (n = 20). We identified for the first time other haemodynamic profiles: pre-capillary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) cases (n = 3) with slightly raised pulmonary vascular resistances (PVR), and combined post- and pre-capillary PH cases (n = 4). Compared to controls, survival probability was lower in patients with PAH.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>This study revealed the diversity of PH mechanisms in HHT. The description of combined post- and pre-capillary PH with/or without high cardiac output (CO) suggests either a continuum between the pre- and post-capillary haemodynamic profiles or a different course in response to high CO.</p></div

Haemodynamic profiles of patients in Group 1.

<p>Haemodynamic profiles of patients in Group 1.</p

Haemodynamic profiles of patients in Group 1.

<p>Haemodynamic profiles of patients in Group 1.</p