Epidemiology and outcome predictors in 450 patients with hanging-induced cardiac arrest: a retrospective study

BackgroundCardiac arrest is the most life-threatening complication of attempted suicide by hanging. However, data are scarce on its characteristics and outcome predictors.MethodsThis retrospective observational multicentre study in 31 hospitals included consecutive adults admitted after cardiac arrest induced by suicidal hanging. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression with multiple imputations for missing data and adjusted to the temporal trends over the study period.ResultsOf 450 patients (350 men, median age, 43 [34–52] years), 305 (68%) had a psychiatric history, and 31 (6.9%) attempted hanging while hospitalized. The median time from unhanging to cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 0 [0–5] min, and the median time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 20 [10–30] min. Seventy-nine (18%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Three variables were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality: time from collapse or unhanging to ROSC>20 min (odds ratio [OR], 4.71; 95% confidence intervals [95%CIs], 2.02–10.96; p = 0.0004); glycaemia >1.4 g/L at admission (OR, 6.38; 95%CI, 2.60–15.66; p < 0.0001); and lactate >3.5 mmol/L at admission (OR, 6.08; 95%CI, 1.71–21.06; p = 0.005). A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of >5 at admission was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.009; 95%CI, 0.02–0.37; p = 0.0009).ConclusionIn patients with hanging-induced cardiac arrest, time from collapse or unhanging to return of spontaneous circulation, glycaemia, arterial lactate, and coma depth at admission were independently associated with survival to hospital discharge. Knowledge of these risk factors may help guide treatment decisions in these patients at high risk of hospital mortality

Comparison of salivary proteome of children with different sensitivities for bitter and sweet tastes: association with body mass index

Background/objectives: Oral sensorial perception is a key aspect in food choices and knowing the mechanisms modulating such perception is of major importance in the context of child obesity, which is reaching high rates in Mediterranean countries. Salivary proteome has been linked to taste sensitivity in adults. The aim of this study was to search for differences in salivary proteomes of children with different bitter or sweet taste sensitivities and to assess if these potential differences are associated with their body mass index percentile (BMI percentile). Subjects/methods: 387 children aged 8-9 years old were assessed for BMI percentile and classified according to their sensitivity to bitter and sweet tastes, according to their caffeine and sucrose detection thresholds, respectively. Saliva protein composition was compared among taste sensitivity groups, taking into account BMI percentile and gender, using gel-based proteomics approaches, coupled to mass spectrometry for protein identification. Results: Among the salivary proteins related to bitter taste sensitivity, higher levels of cystatins were observed in bitter-sensitive children, in the case of those of normal weight, and in bitter low-sensitive, in the case of overweight children. For sweetness, the relationship between saliva and taste perception was also dependent on BMI percentile, with several proteins (including salivary cystatins) differing between taste sensitivity groups, with disparities arising between normal-weight and overweight children. Cystatin isoforms A, B and SA were observed to be considerably increased in saliva from obese children. Conclusions: Salivary proteome is related with sensitivities to bitter and sweet tastes in children, but the association is dependent on BMI percentile and gender

Diabète et système rénine angiotensine (physiopathologie du récepteur AT2R)

LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cathepsine S (nouvelle cible dans le diabète de type 2 associé à l obésité ?)

La Cathepsine S (CatS), est une protéase dont l expression est la concentration circulante sont augmentées chez les patients obèses. Les taux circulants de CatS corrèlent positivement avec des index d insulino-résistance, suggérant un rôle de la CatS dans la régulation de l homéostasie glucidique. Pour apporter une preuve de concept, nous avons soumis des souris déficientes pour la Cathepsine S (CatS-KO) à un régime hyper-lipidique. Ces souris présentent la même prise de poids avec cependant une glycémie diminuée de 25% par rapport aux souris Wild-type. Les souris CatS-KO bénéficient d une amélioration de la tolérance au glucose observée lors d un test de tolérance au glucose oral. Les diminutions : du taux de renouvellement de glucose en condition basale, du niveau d expression des gènes de la néoglucogenèse hépatique, de la réponse à des substrats néoglucogéniques à jeun, sont des faisceaux de preuves convergeant vers une diminution globale de la production hépatique de glucose chez les souris CatS-KO. En parallèle, nous avons testé un inhibiteur sélectif de la Cathepsine S. Après 8 jours de traitement, les souris présentaient une diminution significative de la glycémie sans aucune modification de poids corporel ou de prise alimentaire avec une diminution de la réponse à des substrats néoglucogéniques, comparable à celle des souris CatS-KO. Ces résultats ont révélé une implication inattendue de la CatS dans l homéostasie glucidique. Ainsi l inhibition de la CatS pourrait être un nouvel outil thérapeutique pour réduire ou retarder l hyperglycémie des sujets pré-diabétiques et obèsesPARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Using environmental clustering to identify specific drought tolerance qtls in bread wheat (<em>t. aestivum</em> l.)

International audienceDrought is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting winter bread wheat growth and productivity around the world. The acquisition of new high-yielding and stress-tolerant varieties is therefore necessary and requires improved understanding of the physiological and genetic bases of drought resistance. A panel of 210 elite European varieties was evaluated in 35 field trials. Grain yield and its components were scored in each trial. A crop model was then run with detailed climatic data and soil water status to assess the dynamics of water stress in each environment. Varieties were registered from 1992 to 2011, allowing us to test timewise genetic progress. Finally, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using genotyping data from a 280 K SNP chip. The crop model simulation allowed us to group the environments into four water stress scenarios: an optimal condition with no water stress, a post-anthesis water stress, a moderate-anthesis water stress and a high pre-anthesis water stress. Compared to the optimal water condition, grain yield losses in the stressed conditions were 3.3%, 12.4% and 31.2%, respectively. This environmental clustering improved understanding of the effect of drought on grain yields and explained 20% of the G x E interaction. The greatest genetic progress was obtained in the optimal condition, mostly represented in France. The GWAS identified several QTLs, some of which were specific of the different water stress patterns. Our results make breeding for improved drought resistance to specific environmental scenarios easier and will facilitate genetic progress in future environments, i.e., water stress environments

[HeatWheat] Analyse de la diversité génétique de la réponse au stress thermique via phénotypage fin et génétique d’association

National audienc

Campagnes

Lorsque l’on contemple nos paysages actuels, on sait à présent qu’ils sont le résultat de profonds remaniements : depuis sept millénaires, les populations successives ont ainsi remodelé terres et végétaux pour créer ces espaces si caractéristiques de nos campagnes que sont les prés et les champs. When we contemplate our present landscapes, we know now that they are the result of profound changes: for seven millennia, the successive populations have reshaped lands and plants to create these spaces so characteristic of our countryside that are meadows and fields. Cuando contemplamos nuestros paisajes actuales, sabemos ahora que son el resultado de profundos cambios: durante siete milenios, las sucesivas poblaciones han remodelado la tierra y las plantas para crear los espacios tan característicos de nuestro paisaje, como los prados y los campos

[WEAB] Sélection Assistée par les Effecteurs fongiques de Résistances aux champignons pathogènes chez le blé

National audienc