23 research outputs found
Personality Variation Among Criminals and Psychiatric Patients Relative to Their Immaturity Level.
The criminal justice/mental health system and the mentally retarded, mentally ill defendant
The mentally retarded, mentally ill defendant calls attention to problems in the relationship between the legal and the mental health systems. This study looks at what happens to a group of retarded offenders found incompetent to stand trial. The study examines differences in court processing and final disposition between mentally retarded and nonretarded defendants found incompetent to stand trial. Virtually all subjects were diagnosed as being psychotic. The mentally ill, retarded defendants spend significantly more time in the hospital, more time in the hospital waiting to be returned to jail, and more total time incarcerated in the criminal justice/mental health system. At a final disposition hearing mentally ill, retarded defendants were significantly more likely to be rehospitalized and less likely to be released to the community. No mentally ill, retarded defendant in this study went to prison. The longer periods of incarceration may stem from an underlying lack of understanding about the ability of retarded defendants to achieve competency. Differences in court disposition may result from a court/mental health professional tendency to select dispositions which are thought to be more 'humane'.mentally retarded mentally ill offender legal and mental health system treatment of retarded offenders competency to stand trial
Recommended from our members
0885 Is Resilience A Protective Factor For Sleep Disturbances Among Earthquake Survivors?
Recommended from our members
Association between prenatal exposure to the Haiti 2010 earthquake, consequent maternal PTSD and autistic symptoms in offspring
The present work reports findings from a study that examined the association between pregnant women's exposure to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) symptoms/behaviors in their offspring at age three.
A sample of 364 mother–offspring dyads who survived the 2010 earthquake in Haiti (mean (SD) age=27.31 (5.93)) participated in the study. Maternal data were elicited via the Earthquake Experience Questionnaire (EEQ), the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), and the PTSD Checklist Specific (PCL-S). Child-related data were obtained from maternal completion of the Échelle d’Évaluation des Comportements Autistiques Révisée (ECAR) (Autistic Behaviors Scale Revised) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
Peritraumatic distress was significantly associated with maternal PTSD symptoms (r=.64, p=0.01). Moreover, when maternal PTSD symptoms were added to final models of predictors for offspring autistic behaviors and pervasive developmental disorder, the amount of variance explained increased respectively from 14 to 21% and 15 to 23%.
Exposure to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti during pregnancy may be a risk factor for maternal PTSD, which may be associated with the presence of ASD symptoms/behaviors in the offspring at age three. This study underscores the effect of maternal exposure to disasters on the trajectory of child development, a critical factor in planning disaster preparedness programs
Preferences on the Perceptual Reaction Test as a Function of Sex, School Grade, and Race
National nursing workforce survey of nursing attitudes, knowledge and practice in genomics
Public Self-Awareness and Success-Failure Feedback as Disinhibitors of Restrained Eating
Recommended from our members
0696 Resilience, Race/Ethnicity and Sleep Disturbance among Hypertensive Females
Recommended from our members
Multi‐Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics
PurposeExploratory studies establishing how well nurses have integrated genomics into practice have demonstrated there remains opportunity for education. However, little is known about educational gaps in multi-ethnic minority nurse populations. The purpose of this study was to determine minority nurses' beliefs, practices, and competency in integrating genetics-genomics information into practice using an online survey tool.DesignA cross-sectional survey with registered nurses (RNs) from the participating National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Organizations (NCEMNA). Two phases were used: Phase one had a sample of 27 nurses who determined the feasibility of an online approach to survey completion and need for tool revision. Phase two was a main survey with 389 participants who completed the revised survey. The survey ascertained the genomic knowledge, beliefs, and practice of a sample of multi-ethnic minority nurses who were members of associations comprising the NCEMNA.MethodsThe survey was administered online. Descriptive survey responses were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Categorical responses in which comparisons were analyzed used chi square tests.FindingsAbout 40% of the respondents held a master's degree (39%) and 42% worked in direct patient care. The majority of respondents (79%) reported that education in genomics was important. Ninety-five percent agreed or strongly agreed that family health history could identify at-risk families, 85% reported knowing how to complete a second- and third-generation family history, and 63% felt family history was important to nursing. Conversely, 50% of the respondents felt that their understanding of the genetics of common disease was fair or poor, supported by 54% incorrectly reporting they thought heart disease and diabetes are caused by a single gene variant. Only 30% reported taking a genetics course since licensure, and 94% reported interest in learning more about genomics. Eighty-four percent believed that their ethnic minority nurses' organizations should have a visible role in genetics and genomics in their communities.ConclusionsMost respondents felt genomics is important to integrate into practice but demonstrated knowledge deficits. There was strong interest in the need for continuing education and the role of the ethnic minority organizations in facilitating the continuing education efforts. This study provides evidence of the need for targeted genomic education to prepare ethnic minority nurses to better translate genetics and genomics into practice.Clinical relevanceGenomics is critical to the practice of all nurses, most especially family health history assessment and the genomics of common complex diseases. There is a great opportunity and interest to address the genetic-genomic knowledge deficits in the nursing workforce as a strategy to impact patient outcomes
Multi-Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics
Photograph of the "Wedding Party" rock formation in the Black Mesa area