A New Assessment of Robust Capuchin Monkey (Sapajus) Evolutionary History Using Genome-Wide SNP Marker Data and a Bayesian Approach to Species Delimitation

Robust capuchin monkeys, Sapajus genus, are among the most phenotypically diverse and widespread groups of primates in South America, with one of the most confusing and often shifting taxonomies. We used a ddRADseq approach to generate genome-wide SNP markers for 171 individuals from all putative extant species of Sapajus to access their evolutionary history. Using maximum likelihood, multispecies coalescent phylogenetic inference, and a Bayes Factor method to test for alternative hypotheses of species delimitation, we inferred the phylogenetic history of the Sapajus radiation, evaluating the number of discrete species supported. Our results support the recognition of three species from the Atlantic Forest south of the São Francisco River, with these species being the first splits in the robust capuchin radiation. Our results were congruent in recovering the Pantanal and Amazonian Sapajus as structured into three monophyletic clades, though new morphological assessments are necessary, as the Amazonian clades do not agree with previous morphology-based taxonomic distributions. Phylogenetic reconstructions for Sapajus occurring in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and northeastern Atlantic Forest were less congruent with morphology-based phylogenetic reconstructions, as the bearded capuchin was recovered as a paraphyletic clade, with samples from the Caatinga biome being either a monophyletic clade or nested with the blond capuchin monkey

CRAL – Centre de recherches sur les arts et le langage

Esteban Buch, Giovanni Careri, directeurs d’étudesMarielle Macé, chargée de recherche au CNRS L’art et l’esthétique en questions Le CRAL a proposé cette année un rendez-vous collectif autour de questions-clés de l’esthétique contemporaine. Autour d’une série d’interventions d’invités et de membres du centre, on a construit des séances-débats privilégiant les partis pris ou les conflits de disciplines qui animent le champ de l’esthétique. La première séance, inaugurale, était un entretien (men..

The Munduruku marmoset: A new monkey species from southern Amazonia

Although the Atlantic Forest marmosets (Callithrix spp.) are among the best studied Neotropical primates, the Amazonian marmosets (Callibella humilis, Cebuella spp. and Mico spp.) are much less well-known. Even species diversity and distributions are yet to be properly determined because field data and materials currently available in scientific collections do not allow comprehensive taxonomic studies of Amazonian marmosets. From 2015 to 2018, we conducted 10 expeditions in key-areas within southern Amazonia where little or no information on marmosets was available. In one such region-the Tapajós-Jamanxim interfluve-we recorded marmosets with a distinctive pelage pigmentation pattern suggesting they could represent a new species. We tested this hypothesis using an integrative taxonomic framework that included phylogenomic data (ddRAD sequences), pelage pigmentation characters, and distribution records. We found that the marmosets of the northern Tapajós-Jamanxim interfluve have unique states in pelage pigmentation characters, form a clade (100% support) in our Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood phylogenies, and occur in an area isolated from other taxa by rivers. The integration of these lines of evidence leads us to describe a new marmoset species in the genus Mico, named after the Munduruku Amerindians of the Tapajós-Jamanxim interfluve, southwest of Pará State, Brazil. Copyright © 2019 Costa-Araújo et al

CRAL – Centre de recherches sur les arts et le langage

Esteban Buch, Giovanni Careri, directeurs d’étudesMarielle Macé, chargée de recherche au CNRS L’art et l’esthétique en questions Le CRAL a proposé cette année un rendez-vous collectif autour de questions-clés de l’esthétique contemporaine. Autour d’une série d’interventions d’invités et de membres du centre, on a construit des séances-débats privilégiant les partis pris ou les conflits de disciplines qui animent le champ de l’esthétique. La première séance, inaugurale, était un entretien (men..

The role of competition in structuring primate communities under different productivity regimes in the Amazon

The factors responsible for the formation of Amazonian primate communities are not well understood. Here we investigated the influence of interspecific competition in the assembly of these communities, specifically whether they follow an assembly rule known as "favored states". According to this rule, interspecific competition influences final species composition, resulting in functional groups that are equally represented in the community.We compiled presence-absence data for primate species at 39 Amazonian sites in Brazil, contrasting two regions with distinct productivity regimes: the eutrophic Juruá River basin and the oligotrophic Negro River basin. We tested two hypotheses: that interspecific competition is a mechanism that influences the structure of Amazonian primate communities, and that competition has had a greater influence on the structure of primate communities in regions with low productivity, where resources are more limited. We used null models to test the statistical significance of the results, and found a non-random pattern compatible with the favored states rule in the two regions. Our findings suggest that interspecific competition is an important force driving primate community assembly regardless of productivity regimes

A taxonomic reassessment of Cacajao melanocephalus Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species

The author of the last published systematic review of Cacajao recognized 2 subspecies of black-headed uakaris (black uakaris): Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus and C. m. ouakary. As a result of a series of black uakari surveys and collecting expeditions to several tributaries of the Rio Negro and of morphological and molecular analyses of museum specimens and specimens we collected during field expeditions, we reassess their taxonomy. We describe a newly discovered species of black uakari from the Rio Aracá, a left bank tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. We also show that ouakary is a junior synonym of melanocephalus and provide a new name and a new description for Cacajao melanocephalus melanocephalus in the Pico da Neblina region of Brazil and Venezuela. Based on genetic, morphological, and ecological evidence, we propose that there are 3 species of black uakaris. We named the Rio Aracá species Cacajao ayresi sp. nov. (Ayres uakari) in honor of the late José Márcio Ayres, a pioneer in uakari research and conservation. We named the Neblina black uakari Cacajao hosomi, after the Yanomami word for uakaris. The new taxonomic arrangement provided here implies that the conservation status of black uakaris needs to be reassessed. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Histograms of null models' simulations considering only diurnal species.

<p>Results of null models' simulations with 10,000 randomizations for both regions. The arrows indicate the observed number of communities classified as favored states. We are considering a total of 13 real favored states for the Juruá River region instead of 15 because we did not perform the simulations for the communities Riozinho and Fortuna.</p

Histograms of null models' simulations considering all species.

<p>Results of null models' simulations with 10,000 randomizations for both regions. The arrows indicate the observed number of communities classified as favored states. We are considering a total of 13 real favored states for the Juruá River region instead of 15 because we did not perform the simulations for the communities Riozinho and Fortuna.</p

Amazonian localities from which the data were obtained for this study.

<p>1–17: Communities along the Juruá River; 18–39: Communities along the Negro River. For locality names see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0145699#pone.0145699.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p