Virtual stage sets in live performing arts (from the spectator to the spect-actor)

This paper studies the added value of VR to the art of stage setting through examples and experiments. It will also analyze the link between the audience and digital sets (VR, AR), from an aesthetic point of view as well as a practical one. It is important for us to succeed in creating a theatrical set which favors the spectator's presence for him to become a live performing spectator, and thus have a stronger link with the setting in the short as well as long run

"Taking part in society the way I am". An exploration of active citizenship norms in Denmark and Norway

Active citizenship is a seductive concept alluding to unquestionably positive values such as neighbourliness, community work, solidarity, and democratic participation. Although it might seem like a descriptive term, active citizenship is used in political rhetoric and carries normative expectations towards citizens who must demonstrate certain qualities and attitudes that are deemed desirable for the nation. In this normative way, the concept is often applied to specific segments of the population, such as the poor, disabled or immigrants, producing morally loaded differentiations between ‘desirable’ citizens who are active in the ‘right’ ways, and ‘less desirable’ citizens who are presumably passive and need to be activated. In this dissertation, I explore how individuals living in Norway and Denmark subscribe to, contest, and resist prevalent norms of active citizenship. I focus specifically on civic engagement, looking at how the lived experiences of people impact their understandings of what it means to be an active citizen. My fieldwork is ethnographic, and consists of interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations in five different localities in Oslo and Copenhagen with 123 individuals. I find in my study that participation norms articulated in Danish and Norwegian policy discourses are widely asserted, yet they are also contested and resisted by variously situated individuals. On the one hand, people expect themselves and others to contribute to society in ways that are highly aligned with national policy aims. On the other hand, individuals, most particularly those occupying minoritized positions and living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, challenge and resist exclusionary participatory norms and argue for the recognition of currently ‘invisible’ ways of contributing to society. I draw mainly from scholarship on feminist citizenship and citizenship geography that conceptualizes citizenship as a lived experience embedded in power relations, identities, and places (Desforges, Jones, & Woods, 2005; Lister, 2007; Wood, 2013; Young, 2000). By engaging in this study, the dissertation aims to advance existing research on the participatory dimension of citizenship from a perspective intended to stimulate reflections about dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in the Norwegian and Danish societies. My contribution to feminist scholarly citizenship debates is two-fold. First, drawing on the recent work of Bridget Anderson (2013, 2014), I empirically demonstrate that active citizenship is more than just a civic obligation and a democratic right; it is also a norm that creates internal boundaries between the ‘good citizens’ and the ‘not-good-enough’. Applying West and Fenstermaker’s (1995) approach of intersectionality, I analyse the multiple and intersecting power dimensions that inform active citizenship norms, and how such norms are (re)produced and challenged by individuals in both the private and the public spheres (Plummer, 2001, 2003). Second, my dissertation moves beyond binary discussions of active citizenship as either a disciplinary or an empowering practice (Isin, 2008; Newman, 2013; Newman & Tonkens, 2011; Segal, 2013) by demonstrating how people sustain, contest and resist active citizenship norms in a contextually situated way. This doctoral research calls for taking seriously how everyday spaces of belonging and lived experiences impact practices of active citizenship and understandings of civic responsibility. By doing so, it widens the definition of what it means to be a contributing member of society to include marginalized practices and spaces that are often overlooked in dominant articulations of active citizenship. The dissertation concludes that active citizenship norms, although articulated through political, policy, and academic discourses, are also sustained, challenged, and resisted by individuals through their subjective experiences and across various spaces and scales of belonging both within and beyond the nation-state.Doktorgradsavhandlin

Neutrosophic Treatment of the Modified Simplex Algorithm to find the Optimal Solution for Linear Models

Science is the basis for managing the affairs of life and human activities, and living without knowledge is a form of wandering and a kind of loss. Using scientific methods helps us understand the foundations of choice, decision-making, and adopting the right solutions when solutions abound and options are numerous. Operational research is considered the best that scientific development has provided because its methods depend on the application of scientific methods in solving complex issues and the optimal use of available resources in various fields, private and governmental work in peace and war, in politics and economics, in planning and implementation, and in various aspects of life. Its basic essence is to use the data provided for the issue under study to build a mathematical model that is the optimal solution. It is the basis on which decision makers rely in managing institutions and companies, and when operations research methods meet with the neutrosophic teacher, we get ideal solutions that take into account all the circumstances and fluctuations that may occur in the work environment over time. One of the most important operations research methods is the linear programming method. Which prompted us to reformulate the linear models, the graphical method, and the simplex method, which are used to obtain the optimal solution for linear models using the concepts of neutrosophic science. In this research, and as a continuation of what we presented previously, we will reformulate the modified simplex algorithm that was presented to address the difficulty that we were facing when applying the direct simplex algorithm. It is the large number of calculations required to be performed in each step of the solution, which requires a lot of time and effort

The Graphical Method for Finding the Optimal Solution for Neutrosophic linear Models and Taking Advantage of Non-Negativity Constraints to Find the Optimal Solution for Some Neutrosophic linear Models in Which the Number of Unknowns is More than Three

The linear programming method is one of the important methods of operations research that has been used to address many practical issues and provided optimal solutions for many institutions and companies, which helped decision makers make ideal decisions through which companies and institutions achieved maximum profit, but these solutions remain ideal and appropriate in If the conditions surrounding the work environment are stable, because any change in the data provided will affect the optimal solution and to avoid losses and achieve maximum profit, we have, in previous research, reformulated the linear models using the concepts of neutrosophic science, the science that takes into account the instability of conditions and fluctuations in the work environment and leaves nothing to chance. While taking data, neutrosophic values carry some indeterminacy, giving a margin of freedom to decision makers. In another research, we reformulated one of the most important methods used to solve linear models, which is the simplex method, using the concepts of this science, and as a continuation of what we did in the previous two researches, we will reformulate in this research. The graphical method for solving linear models using the concepts of neutrosophics. We will also shed light on a case that is rarely mentioned in most operations research references, which is that when the difference between the number of unknowns and the number of constraints is equal to one, two, or three, we can also find the optimal solution graphically for some linear models. This is done by taking advantage of the conditions of non-negativity that linear models have, and we will explain this through an example in which the difference is equal to two. Also, through examples, we will explain the difference between using classical values and neutrosophic values and the extent of this’s impact on the optimal solution

Neutrosophic Vision of the Expected Opportunity Loss Criterion (NEOL) Decision Making Under Risk

One of the major challenges facing decision-makers at the present time is obtaining complete information about the issue under study, due to the unstable conditions of the work environment that are beyond the control of decision-makers, which requires them to reach an optimal decision in light of these circumstances and fluctuations and to benefit from the data that is collected. Collected by specialists to determine the appropriate probability distribution corresponding to random cases of nature, here we are faced with the issue of making a decision in the event of risk because the probability distribution is a distribution linked to the data controlled by the conditions of the work environment, which entails a great risk. Decision makers bear the responsibility of choosing the optimal decision that reduces This risk is achieved and the greatest possible profit and the least possible loss are achieved. The issue of decision-making becomes more complex as the number of events increases, and we are in dire need of an ideal study of the issue that takes into account all the circumstances of the work environment. The concept of missed opportunity is very useful in analyzing the decision making under risk, after making the decision and the occurrence of events, the decision makers may regret and wish they had chosen actions different from those they chose at the beginning. To reduce the regret of the decision makers and minimize the expected lost opportunity, researchers in the field of classical operations research presented the criterion of the expected lost opportunity through which the decision can be determined. The ideal with the least percentage of regret. In this research, we present a neutrosophic vision of the expected opportunity loss criterion by taking the data of the issue under study. neutrosophic values are ranges whose lowest limit expresses profit in the worst conditions, and only the highest represents profit in the best conditions

Generating Neutrosophic Random Variables Following the Poisson Distribution Using the Composition Method (The Mixed Method of Inverse Transformation Method and Rejection Method)

Simulation is a numerical technique used to perform tests on a numerical computer, and involves logical and mathematical relationships interacting with each other to describe the behavior and structure of a complex system in the real world over a period of time. Analysis using simulation is a "natural" and logical extension of the mathematical analytical models inherent in operations research, because most operations research methods depend on building mathematical models that closely approximate the real-world environment and we obtain the optimal solution for them using algorithms appropriate to the type of these models. The importance of the simulation process comes In all branches of science, there are many systems that cannot be studied directly, due to the great difficulty that we may encounter when studying, and the high cost, in addition to the fact that some systems cannot be studied directly. The simulation process depends on generating a series of numbers. Randomness subject to a uniform probability distribution over the domain [0,1], then converting these numbers into random variables subject to the law of probability distribution by which the system to be simulated works, using known transformation methods. In previous research, we presented a neutrosophical vision of the reverse transformation method and the method of rejection and acceptance. Which are used to transform random numbers into random variables that follow probability distributions such as: uniform distribution, exponential distribution, beta distribution..., In this research, we present a neutrosophical vision of the Composition method )the mixed method of inverse transformation method and rejection method), used to generate random variables that follow... To some Poisson distribution, the aim is to obtain neutrosophic random variables that we use when simulating systems that operate according to this distribution in order to obtain more accurate simulation results

Research on the topics of neutrosophic operations research. Volume 1

In this volume, we present a set of research that was published in cooperation with a number of researchers and those interested in keeping pace with the great scientific development that our contemporary world is witnessing, and one of its products was neutrosophic science, which was founded by the American scientist and mathematical philosopher Florentin Smarandache in 1995. Through it, we present a new vision for some research methods. Operations research to the concepts of this science

Neutrosophic Vision of the Expected Opportunity Loss Criterion (NEOL) Decision Making Under Risk

One of the major challenges facing decision-makers at the present time is obtaining complete information about the issue under study, due to the unstable conditions of the work environment that are beyond the control of decision-makers, which requires them to reach an optimal decision in light of these circumstances and fluctuations and to benefit from the data that is collected. Collected by specialists to determine the appropriate probability distribution corresponding to random cases of nature, here we are faced with the issue of making a decision in the event of risk because the probability distribution is a distribution linked to the data controlled by the conditions of the work environment, which entails a great risk. Decision makers bear the responsibility of choosing the optimal decision that reduces This risk is achieved and the greatest possible profit and the least possible loss are achieved. The issue of decision-making becomes more complex as the number of events increases, and we are in dire need of an ideal study of the issue that takes into account all the circumstances of the work environment. The concept of missed opportunity is very useful in analyzing the decision making under risk, after making the decision and the occurrence of events, the decision makers may regret and wish they had chosen actions different from those they chose at the beginning. To reduce the regret of the decision makers and minimize the expected lost opportunity, researchers in the field of classical operations research presented the criterion of the expected lost opportunity through which the decision can be determined. The ideal with the least percentage of regret. In this research, we present a neutrosophic vision of the expected opportunity loss criterion by taking the data of the issue under study. neutrosophic values are ranges whose lowest limit expresses profit in the worst conditions, and only the highest represents profit in the best conditions