The Prevalence of Bilateral Three-Rooted Mandibular First Molar in Indian Population

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of bilateral three-rooted mandibular first and second molars in Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 215 patients were screened bilaterally for mandibular first and second molar and 430 samples of periapical radiographs were obtained. The gender, symmetry, and prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first and second molars were recorded. The correlation between left and right side occurrences and distribution were recorded and analysed using Z-test. Results: The results showed that 33 teeth had three-rooted mandibular first molars, 16 male and 17 female (P=0.442). Overall, 21 teeth of right jaw and 12 teeth of left jaw (P=0.103) showed presence of an extra-root. The prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars was 7.67% and second molar was 0.23%. The bilateral frequency distribution was 3.72% for the first molar. There was no statistically significant difference between right side and left side mandibular molars. Also, gender did not show a significant relationship with this variant. Conclusion: The endodontic treatments of first mandibular molars require a careful clinical approach in Indian population as a high racial prevalence of 7.67% three-rooted molars was found. However, in the same population, 0.23% mandibular second molars had three roots

Comparison of 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions on postoperative pain: A randomized clinical trial

<b>Aim:</b> To compare the levels of postoperative pain after cleaning and shaping of root canals using two different root canal irrigants for debridement. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Forty patients with irreversible pulpitis, pulp necrosis and non-vital teeth exhibiting acute apical periodontitis requiring root canal treatment were included. At random, canals were cleaned and shaped with the following protocols. 2&#x0025; chlorhexidine solution in group I and 5.25&#x0025; sodium hypochlorite solution in group II were used as an irrigants. Access cavities were closed with a sterile cotton pellet and cavit. The patients recorded degree of pain at various time intervals after cleaning and shaping on a visual analogue scale for 1 week. <b>Results:</b> The mean pain score for group I was between 0.65 and 3.35 and for group II was between 0.95 and 4.50. There was significant difference in the pain level between the two groups only at 6 ^th hour postoperatively (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) and the pain was more in sodium hypochlorite group. <b>Conclusions:</b> More pain was present in teeth irrigated using 5.25&#x0025; sodium hypochlorite when compared to that in teeth irrigated using 2&#x0025; chlorhexidine solution. Significant difference in pain level was present only at 6th hour postoperatively, and at all other periods (24 ^th hour, 4 ^th and 7 ^th days) there was no significant difference in pain level between the two groups

Use of computed tomography in diagnosis and management of type III dens invaginatus

Background: Dens invaginatus is a developmental malformation, which concerns the non-typical arrangement of dental hard tissues. Conventional diagnostic aids like radiographs play an important role in assessment of complex root canal morphologies. These modalities, however, do not provide detailed information of the complexity as a result of their inherent limitations. This calls for use of more advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography, which can help the clinician in making a more accurate diagnosis. Report: Type III Dens invaginatus was detected in a 20 year old male patient corresponding to the maxillary lateral incisor and showing extensive periradicular radiolucency and a vestibular sinus. The radiographic and tomographic examination revealed 2 apices: one wide open in the distal part of the root and the other normally formed in the mesial. Treatment plan: Combined non-surgical and surgical endodontic therapy with MTA as a retrograde filling material was planned in this case. Outcome: At follow-up examination after 6 months, the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographically showed repair of the lesion

Retreatment and surgical repair of the apical third perforation and osseous defect using mineral trioxide aggregate

One of the causes of non-healing periapical pathosis in endodontically treated tooth is root perforation. This can occur pathologically by resorption and caries, iatrogenically during endodontic therapy (zip, strip, furcal perforations). Root perforation results in bacterial contamination, periradicular tissue injury, inflammation, and bone resorption. The purpose of this case report is to describe endodontic retreatment and surgical management of a longstanding periapical lesion on maxillary lateral incisor, associated with perforation and osseous defects using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Although the majority of bone support and root dentin was damaged, an attempt was made to repair the defect and restore the tooth. After the surgical intervention and root canal treatment, the perforation was subsequently sealed with MTA. Later, the root was reinforced with composites and the tooth was restored with direct veneer. Conclusion: Four-and-a-half year (54 months) recall examination showed no evidence of periodontal breakdown, no symptoms of further deterioration, and complete healing of periradicular lesions when examined by radiography. This case report presents a treatment strategy that could improve the healing process and beneficial outcomes for patients with perforation and osseous defect

Microleakage evaluation of Silorane-based composite and Methacrylate-based composite in class II box preparations using two different layering techniques: An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage in Class II box preparations with the gingival margin above and below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) restored with Silorane composite and methacrylate composite using two different layering techniques. Materials and Methods: Standardized box preparations (mesial box 1 mm above the CEJ and distal box 1 mm below the CEJ) were prepared in 60 upper premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups containing 15 samples each; Group I: Restored with a Silorane composite using an oblique layering technique, Group II: Restored with Silorane composite using a vertical layering technique, Group III: Restored with methacrylate composite using the oblique layering technique, and Group IV: Restored with methacrylate composite using the vertical layering technique. The samples were stored in distilled water, followed by thermocycling and immersed in 2% methylene blue. The samples were sectioned and evaluated for microleakage at the gingival margin. Statistical Analysis: Kruskal-Wallis, Fischer exact test, Wilicoxon test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Silorane composite had significantly lesser microleakage. No significant difference in microleakage was observed above and below the CEJ for Silorane-based composite. Conclusion: Silorane composite resin showed lesser microleakage compared to methacrylate composite resin. Clinical Significance: The Silorane-based composites improve the marginal adaptation due to their reduced shrinkage, thereby decreasing the residual stress at the adhesive-tooth interface

Caries-risk assessment with a chairside optical spectroscopic sensor by monitoring bacterial-mediated acidogenic-profile of saliva in children

10.4103/0972-0707.87210Journal of Conservative Dentistry144395-40

Launching a new fellowship in microrestorative and endodontics for postgraduates in conservative dentistry and endodontics

Expanding and refining the skill sets of postgraduates specialists is required by the many current and changing demands of dental science education and research. To meet this challenge, the Indian Board of Micro Restorative and Endodontics under the aegis of the Indian Association of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics has begun a fellowship program in Micro Restorative and Endodontics; the main aim being to improve the knowledge and skills of these specialists empowering them to go a step higher and beyond their areas of specialization. The objectives of the fellowship course are as follows: (1) Achieving necessary skills in managing routine and advanced restorative and endodontic scenarios using modern magnification technology. (2) Constantly enhancing the existing knowledge by pursuing new arenas in magnification technology. (3) Complete understanding and application of cutting edge research in the practice of microrestorative and endodontics. (4) Ensuring the highest possible patient-centric quality of care. Learning experiences shall be provided under the guidance and supervision of competent mentors at predesignated centers all over India. The learning strategies will be through workshops, contact sessions, and learning assignments. The carefully designed curriculum shall prepare the restorative dentists and endodontists, to be an autonomous, effective, safe, and a compassionate professional, who practices collaboratively in a variety of clinical and academic setups, responsive to the current and future needs of the restorative and endodontic health-care system. A passion for microdentistry would be a great way to make a positive difference to your patient care and creative work