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Not AvailableAmong 454 SSR markers, 118 markers exhibited polymorphism. Among these, three best polymorphic markers on each chromosome covering all 12 chromosomes were employed for selective genotyping of 188 F2 mapping population derived from APMS-6B, a low stigma exsertion parent and BF-16B, a high stigma exsertion parent and one marker on each chromosome and two reported markers used for single marker analysis. For phenotypic study parents, F1 and F2 population were evaluated for stigma exsertion trait in order to understand the inheritance as well as linkage with SSR markers. A co-segregation analysis with respect to marker (based on the amplification pattern of the marker) and trait phenotype revealed that three markers RM20060 on chromosome 6, RM5647on chromosome 8 and RM4771 on chromosome 10 showed least recombination frequency and these three markers found to be linked to the stigma exsertion trait. These markers could be used in marker assisted selection programs to develop a male sterile line with a high stigma exsertion.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTo begin marker assisted selection or marker assisted back cross breeding for introgression of a desirable trait into a variety from the donor genotype, study of parental polymorphism is a pre-requisite. Unless the parents are polymorphic for the traits of interest, the further selection of plants carrying the traits of interest is not possible in the progenies. The experiment was conducted in Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad. In the present study Rice microsatellite (RM) markers were used to study the parental polymorphism between the selected two parents APMS-6B a popularly used maintainer line with low stigma exsertion (14.95%) and BF-16B, another maintainer line with high stigma exsertion (80.25%). The two parents were screened for parental polymorphism using 454 SSR markers, of which 118 markers exhibited polymorphism. The overall polymorphism level for the surveyed SSR markers was 25.99%across the 12 chromosomes. Construction of a Linkage Map could be ensued procuring the generated genotyping data which could further avail QTL analysis and identification of markers linked to stigma exsertion trait.DB

Supramolecular hydrogels and high-aspect-ratio nanofibers through charge-transfer-induced alternate coassembly

Gelling together: The alternate coassembly of a noncovalent donor–acceptor (D–A) amphiphilic pair in water results in very long nanofibers that form hydrogels (see scheme). Microscopic and single‐crystal studies have provided an insight into the hierarchical self‐assembly of the charge‐transfer (CT) amphiphile, which consists of coronene and a viologen derivative, into cylindrical micelles and gels as the concentration of the D–A pair is increased

Large interspaced layered potassium niobate nanosheet arrays as an ultrastable anode for potassium ion capacitor

Available online 16 October 2020Potassium-ion battery (KIB) is a promising technology for large-scale energy storage applications due to their low cost, theoretically high energy density and abundant resources. However, the development of KIBs is hin- dered by the sluggish K + transport kinetics and the structural instability of the electrode materials during K + intercalation/de-intercalation. In the present investigation, we have designed a potassium-ion capacitor (KIC) using layered potassium niobate (K 4 Nb 6 O 17 , KNO) nanosheet arrays as anode and orange-peel derived activated carbons (OPAC) as fast capacitive cathode materials. The systematic electrochemical analysis with the ex-situ characterizations demonstrates that KNO-anode exhibits highly stable layered structure with excellent reversibil- ity during K + insertion/de-insertion. After optimization, the fabricated KNO//OPAC delivers both a high energy density of 116 Wh/kg and high power density of 10,808 W/kg, which is significantly higher than other similar hybrid devices. The cell also displays long term cycling stability over 5000 cycles, with 87 % of capacity reten- tion. This study highlights the utilization of layered nanosheet arrays of niobates to achieve superior K ‐storage for KICs, paving the way towards the development of high ‐performance anodes for post lithium ‐ion batteries.Hong Duc Pham, Nilesh R. Chodankar, Sagar D. Jadhav, Kolleboyina Jayaramulu, Ashok Kumar Nanjundan, Deepak P. Duba

Spontaneous self-assembly of designed cyclic dipeptide (Phg-Phg) into two-dimensional nano- and mesosheets

In this study, we present the spontaneous self-assembly of designed simplest aromatic cyclic dipeptides of (L-Phg-L-Phg) and (D-Phg-L-Phg) to form highly stable two-dimensional (2D) nano- and mesosheets with large lateral surface area. Various microscopy data revealed that the morphology of 2D mesosheets resembles the hierarchical natural materials with layered structure. Solution and solid-state NMR studies on cyclo(L-Phg-L-Phg) revealed the presence of strong (N-H-O) hydrogen-bonded molecular chains supported by aromatic pi-pi interactions to form 2D mesosheets. Interestingly, cyclo(D-Phg-L-Phg) self-assembles to form single-crystalline as well as non-crystalline 2D rhomboid sheets with large lateral dimension. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the stacking of (N-H-O) hydrogen-bonded molecular layers along c-axis supported by aromatic pi-pi interactions. The thermogravimetric analysis shows two transitions with overall high thermal stability attributed to layered hierarchy found in 2D mesosheets

Hierarchical porous metal-organic gels and derived materials: from fundamentals to potential applications

Metal-organic gels (MOGs) emerged as a novel class of functional soft materials in which the scaffolding framework is fabricated by metal-ligand coordination in combination with other supramolecular interactions (for example, hydrogen bonding or π-π stacking). Through the combination of organic and inorganic (metal/metal-oxo clusters) building blocks, significant steps forward have been made in the development of new electrochemical sensors, superhydrophobic materials and ion storage devices, among others. These leaps forward are to some extend induced by the intrinsic hierarchical microporous/mesoporous pore structure of these metal-organic materials. Within this review we give an overview of recent developments of this growing field. First, we shed light onto the parallels to the well-established field of conventional gels and outline similarities and differences. Afterwards, we classify different types of MOGs according to their architectural/structural nature: (1) pristine MOGs, (2) hybrid MOGs, (3) crosslinking-based MOGs and (4) MOG-derived materials. Furthermore, we look at the different properties of MOGs and the requirements for the preparation of spatially patterned macro-structured MOGs by emerging additive manufacturing technologies. Moreover, different potential fields of application for MOGs and MOG derived materials are critically evaluated and potential improvements and pitfalls in comparison to traditional gel-based materials are given. Finally, a comprehensive outlook into future directions for the development of MOGs is provided.</p

True meaning of pseudocapacitors and their performance metrics: asymmetric versus hybrid supercapacitors

First published: 06 August 2020The development of pseudocapacitive materials for energy-oriented applications has stimulated considerable interest in recent years due to their high energy-storing capacity with high power outputs. Nevertheless, the utilization of nanosized active materials in batteries leads to fast redox kinetics due to the improved surface area and short diffusion pathways, which shifts their electrochemical signatures from battery-like to the pseudocapacitive-like behavior. As a result, it becomes challenging to distinguish "pseudocapacitive" and "battery" materials. Such misconceptions have further impacted on the final device configurations. This Review is an earnest effort to clarify the confusion between the battery and pseudocapacitive materials by providing their true meanings and correct performance metrics. A method to distinguish battery-type and pseudocapacitive materials using the electrochemical signatures and quantitative kinetics analysis is outlined. Taking solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs, only polymer gel electrolytes) as an example, the distinction between asymmetric and hybrid supercapacitors is discussed. The state-of-the-art progress in the engineering of active materials is summarized, which will guide for the development of real-pseudocapacitive energy storage systems.Nilesh R. Chodankar, Hong Duc Pham, Ashok Kumar Nanjundan, Joseph F. S. Fernando, Kolleboyina Jayaramulu ... Deepak P. Dubal ... et al

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Not AvailableParental polymorphic survey using rice satellite (RM) simple sequence repeats (SSR’S) is a pre-requisite for genotypic screening to identify the loci associated with trait of interest among mapping population. In the present study, eight popularly used rice maintainer lines viz., APMS-6B (Improved for Bacterial leaf blight). [1], IR58025B, IR68897B, IR79156B, DRR-6B, DRR-9B, BF-16B and BF2096B were used to study stigma exsertion trait as a single, double and total stigma exsertion. A total of 630RM markers were used to study parental polymorphism among eight maintainer lines and also to map their association with stigma exsertion trait. Among 630, 253 RM markers showed polymorphism with 635 alleles among the eight maintainers which were distributed across twelve chromosomes of rice. The overall parental survey revealed 40.18 per cent of polymorphism among the maintainer lines with a maximum and minimum frequency of 5 and 2 alleles, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient for the most number of pairs ranged between of 0.2-0.9 with the average value of 0.60 for all possible combinations, indicating moderate genetic diversity among the chosen genotypes. The genotypes grouped according to their place of origin Original Research Article Jayaramulu et al.; IJPSS, 34(1): 94-104, 2022; Article no.IJPSS.82835 95 and represents genetic closeness between them. The identified RM polymorphic markers could be used to construct the linkage map and subsequently, to identify the stigma exsertion related QTLs from mapping population developed from different combinations of the rice maintainer lines.Not Availabl