The Distribution of Household Wealth in India

assets, liabilities, vertical inequality, horizontal inequality, land, real estate

Economic Impact of CDM Implementation through Alternate Energy Resource Substitution

Since the Kyoto protocol agreement, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has garnered large emphasis in terms of certified emission reductions (CER) not only amidst the global carbon market but also in India. This paper attempts to assess the impact of CDM towards sustainable development particularly in rural domestic utility sector that mainly includes lighting and cooking applications, with electricity as the source of energy. A detailed survey has undertaken in the state of Kerala, in southern part of India to study the rural domestic energy consumption pattern. The data collected was analyzed that throws insight into the interrelationships of the various parameters that influence domestic utility sector pertaining to energy consumption by using electricity as the source of energy. The interrelationships between the different parameters were modeled that optimizes the contribution of electricity on domestic utility sector. The results were used to estimate the feasible extent of CO2 emission reduction through use of electricity as the energy resources, vis-à-vis its economic viability through cost effectiveness. The analysis also provides a platform for implementing CDM projects in the sector and related prospects with respects to the Indian scenari

Has the Indian Finance Market Achieved Efficiency?

Efficient financial market is one in which prices always fully reflect available information. The most common type of efficiency referred to in financial markets is the allocative efficiency. A trait of allocative efficient financial market is that it channels funds from the ultimate lenders to the ultimate borrowers in a way that the funds are used in the most socially useful manner. Eugene Fama created efficient –market hypothesis. Financial markets are efficient if current prices fully reflect all currently available relevantinformation. If financial markets are efficient, then there is no “best time’ to purchase an asset. Apparent past price patterns are not predictive for future prices. If financial markets are efficient, asset price changes are serially random.This paper is concerned with operational efficiency rather than allocative efficiency. The financial sector reforms which were initiated in early 90s were intended to bring about operational efficiency in the financial market in the sense that the prevailing interest rates in different segments of finance market are moving in the same direction so that possibility of arbitrage is eliminated. Strengthening of linkages among money market segments suggests greater operational efficiency of markets as well as conduct of monetary policy. Purpose of the paper is to explain the impact of financial sector reform measures on integration of various segments of financial markets in India. The present study found integration of short term rates- money credit and gilt edged markets-but capital market deviated from the integration path. Reserve Bank of India studied in detail the process of liberalization of financial and money market and also domestic financial with international financial market. This paper analyzed the long run association between different Money market rates, Debt market, Capital market rates and Forex market rates to highlight the integration between them. The study found there is integration between certain segments of finance market in India .Increased policy changes would expedite the process of financial market integration and will help in the elimination of arbitrage avenues and thereby making the finance markets more efficient. Keywords: Market efficiency, financial market integration, cointegration, Indian finance market, Granger causalit

Numerical Modelling of Scramjet Combustor

Numerical modelling of turbulent-reacting flow field of supersonic combustion ramjet(scramjet) combustors are presented. The developed numerical procedure is based on the implicittreatment of chemical source terms by preconditioning and solved along with unstedy turbulentNavier-Stokes equations explicitly. Reaction is modelled using an eight-step hydrogen-airchemistry. Code is validated against a standard wall jet experimental data and is successfullyused to model the turbulent-reacting flow field resulting due to the combustion of hydrogeninjected from diamond-shaped strut and also in the wake region of wedge-shaped strut placedin the heated supersonic airstream. The analysis could demonstrate the effect of interaction ofoblique shock wave with a supersonic stream of hydrogen  in its (fuel-air) mixing and reactionfor strut-based scramjet combustors

Combining ability analysis and gene action of grain quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using line × tester analysis

In rice, twelve lines were crossed with five testers in a line × tester mating design and the resultant 60 hybrids along with their parents were evaluated for their combining ability effects for 15 grain quality traits. The results revealed that the ratio of GCA: SCA variances computed for all the fifteen grain quality traits showed the predominance of non-additive gene action. Among the lines, ADT (R) 47 showed significant desirable gca effects at 1% probability level (p = 0.01) for 11 grain quality traits viz., hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery percentage, kernel breadth, kernel breadth after cooking, breadth wise expansion ratio, gelatinization temperature, amylose content, gel consistency, water uptake and volume expansion ratio. Among the testers, Pusa 1460 showed significant desirable gca effects at 1% probability level (p = 0.01) for 10 grain quality traits viz., kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel length/breadth ratio, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, linear elongation ratio, gelatinization temperature, amylose content, water uptake and volume expansion ratio and hence they were adjudged as the best combiners for the improvement of the respective traits. Among the hybrids, the hybrids CO 47/Imp., Samba Mahsuri, ADT (R) 47/IRBB 21 and ADT (R) 46/IRBB 21 were identified as best hybrids for exploitation of grain quality traits since they revealed significant sca effects at 1% probability level (p = 0.01) for eight, eight and five grain quality traits, respectively