Enhanced photocatalytic and microbial activity of bio synthesized CdO tetrahedral clogs using Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extract

Green extracts from plants, fruits, flowers are being explored worldwide to minimize the effect of toxic chemicals used in nanoparticles fabrication. The present work is based on the cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) were synthesized using Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extract at different volume concentration of 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, 40 ml and 50 ml under bio synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, UV-DRS, PL, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM analysis. The XRD pattern confirms the cubic structure with average particle size of 41.48 nm to 51.69 nm. The estimated band gap energy is found in the range 2.19 eV to 1.67 eV. Near UV and violet emission in PL spectrum leads the presence of crystal defects in CdO lattice. Presence of vibrational modes of chemical species in the samples, are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum. The elemental compositions are detected by using energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX). The particle size and morphology with intense magnification is confirmed by FE-SEM and TEM- SAED analysis. The antibacterial and fungal activities of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf extract CdO nanoparticles are tested for different bacterial organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella paratyphi and fungal organism like Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigates under the zone inhabitation method. The photocatalytic activities of the CdO samples on degradation of Methylene Blue azo dye under UV light irradiation are also studied

Development and evaluation of ofloxacin orally disintegrating tablets

Bitter taste of ofloxacin, a broad spectrum bactericidal agent, is masked and orally disintegrating tablets were formulated. The bitter taste is masked by forming complex between drug and weak cation exchange resins, Tulsion 335 and Indion 204. Effect of pH and drug:resin ratio on the drug loading was studied. Maximum drug loading was observed at pH 6. Ratio of 1:2 of drug:resin masked almost complete bitterness of ofloxacin. Formation of complexes was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Physical characterization of taste masked complexes was carried out. Present work envisages the taste masking of ofloxacin and development of orally disintegrating tablets. The effect of pH and resin quantities on drug loading were studied to find the optimum conditions of drug loading for complete taste masking. Effect of superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and polyplasdone XL at varying level on physical parameters of compressed tablets was also assessed. The formulations containing 5 % w/w polyplasdone XL showed about 90 % of drug release within 5 minutes. No significant differences were observed in the physical parameters of resinates as well as tablets prepared from Tulsion 335 and Indion 204.O gosto amargo de ofloxacina, agente bactericida de largo espectro, é mascarado e formularam-se comprimidos dispersíveis. O sabor amargo é mascarado pela formação de complexo entre o fármaco e resinas de troca catiônica fraca, Tulsion 335 e Indion 204. Efeito do pH e da proporção fármaco: resina sobre a carga de fármaco foi estudada. Carga de fármaco máxima foi observada em pH 6. Proporção 1:2 do fármaco: resina mascarou quase completamente o gosto amargo de ofloxacina. A formação de complexos foi confirmada por espectroscopia no IV. Caracterização física dos complexos de sabor mascarado foi realizada. O presente trabalho preconiza o mascaramento do gosto de ofloxacina e desenvolvimento decomprimidos por via oral, se desintegrando. O efeito do pH e da resina quantidades de carga de fármaco foram estudadas paraencontrar as condições óptimas de carga de fármaco para dissimulação do saborcompleto. Efeito da superdisintegrants como amido glicolato de sódio, croscarmelose sódica e Polyplasdone XL em diferentes níveis de parâmetros físicos de comprimidos também avaliados foi avaliada. As formulações contendo 5 %w/w Polyplasdone XL mostraram cerca de 90% de libertação do fármaco no prazo de 5 minutos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros físicos de resinatosbem como comprimidos preparados a partir de Tulsion 335 e Indion 204

A STUDY ON CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KANCHIPURAM

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the pattern of various types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) and its relation to therapeutic agents. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute. Pharmacovigilance reports collected from 2017 to 2019 which were probable and certain by the WHO causality assessment were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were used. Values were expressed in numbers and percentage. Results: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of 40 patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria, of which 22 were female (55%) and 18 males (45%). Patients aged <50 years had more incidence (77.5%) of ADRs. Cutaneous manifestations contributed to major ADRs (67.5%). CADRs were more common with antibiotics (55.5%) followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (14.6%). Conclusion: The most common therapeutic agent of CADRs were antibiotics (fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins) and the frequent cutaneous manifestation was urticaria

Case Report Hypothyroidism Complicating Nephropathy in a Diabetes Patient

We describe a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune hypothyroidism who presented with elevated serum creatinine possibly due to subclinical rhabdomyolysis induced by hypolipidemic drug therapy in the background of diabetic nephropathy. Both hypothyroidism and rhabdomyolysis were asymptomatic in this case as evidenced by lack of classical clinical features of hypothyroidism despite elevated serum TSH and absent pigment cast in renal biopsy. The combination of diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism is common in the general population and should not be forgotten in patients with diabetes and kidney disease

Hypothyroidism Complicating Nephropathy in a Diabetes Patient

We describe a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune hypothyroidism who presented with elevated serum creatinine possibly due to subclinical rhabdomyolysis induced by hypolipidemic drug therapy in the background of diabetic nephropathy. Both hypothyroidism and rhabdomyolysis were asymptomatic in this case as evidenced by lack of classical clinical features of hypothyroidism despite elevated serum TSH and absent pigment cast in renal biopsy. The combination of diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism is common in the general population and should not be forgotten in patients with diabetes and kidney disease

Recent Developments in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Treatment: A Review

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that may cause life-threatening diseases and some minor infections in living organisms. However, it shows notorious effects when it becomes resistant to antibiotics. Strain variants of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that have become resistant to existing multiple antimicrobials are termed as superbugs. Methicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic drug that was used to inhibit staphylococci pathogens. The S. aureus resistant to methicillin is known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which became a superbug due to its defiant activity against the antibiotics and medications most commonly used to treat major and minor infections. Successful MRSA infection management involves rapid identification of the infected site, culture and susceptibility tests, evidence-based treatment, and appropriate preventive protocols. This review describes the clinical management of MRSA pathogenesis, recent developments in rapid diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment choices for MRSA