Innovation in India and China : Challenges and Prospects in Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology

India and China are important players in an evolving process of globalization of research and development (R&D). Focusing on pharmaceuticals and biotechnology industries, this paper analyses the challenges and prospects facing the two countries in global innovation. Large supplies of highly skilled professionals and well-established science and technology infrastructures are important assets for India and China in the era of globalization of R&D. At the same time, however, there is a concern that as globalization of R&D gathers steam, the poor in India, China and other developing countries are likely to be left out of the new innovations. A good example is the case of Indias pharmaceuticals industry. The leading Indian pharmaceutical firms have responded well to the challenge of a strict intellectual property rights (IPR) regime by increasing their R&D spending and, simultaneously, targeting their sales to the generic drugs markets in North America and Europe. But even as Indias top drug firms have been growing in technological capabilities and taking part in the globalization of pharmaceuticals R&D, they have also been shifting their focus away from the market for medicines for poor patients.India, China, innovation, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology

The non-perplexity of human rights

What do we (think we) speak about when we speak of Human Rights? Mostly we think that we speak of the fate of the vulnerable Human-being in her beingness in the world. Given this assumption, three recurring perplexities- of territoriality, parochiality-imperiality and coloniality – appear to preoccupy much critical thinking on the subject. I suggest a different reason underpins the invention and operation of Human Rights. I argue that Human Rights, as a (post)colonial technology of subjectification, operates in perverse coherence, to rationalize and regulate the global (b)ordering of differentiated subject-beingness: of license, containment and abandonment. As such efforts that aim to rescue Human Rights for the human-subject merely reinforce the adaptive operations of global governmentality to norm-alise and resettle the World. Against this I suggest a return to an anti-colonial philosophical orientation of desubjectification

Evaluation of a porous hydroxyapatite alloplast in the management of grade II furcation defects in molars: a case series

Introduction: The present case series evaluates the efficacy of a hydroxyapatite graft material in the management of grade II furcation involvement in first molars. Materials and methods: Eight patients presenting with a total of 9 grade II furcation defects in relation to the facial aspect of either maxillary or mandibular first molars were treated with a porous hydroxyapatite alloplast. The clinical outcomes were measured in terms of change in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level (vertical and horizontal) at 6 months post-operatively. Radiographs were used as supplements. Results: At 6 months, there was a mean pocket depth reduction of 3.12±1.25 mm, a mean vertical attachment gain of 2.75±1.17 mm, and a mean horizontal attachment gain of 3.25±1.28 mm. Radiographs showed bone fill at all treated sites. The outcomes were better in mandibular teeth compared to maxillary teeth. The use of hydroxyapatite graft is effective in reducing pocket depth and bringing out gain in attachment levels when used in grade II furcation defects

Towards the next generation of smart grids: semantic and holonic multi-agent management of distributed energy resources

The energy landscape is experiencing accelerating change; centralized energy systems are being decarbonized, and transitioning towards distributed energy systems, facilitated by advances in power system management and information and communication technologies. This paper elaborates on these generations of energy systems by critically reviewing relevant authoritative literature. This includes a discussion of modern concepts such as ‘smart grid’, ‘microgrid’, ‘virtual power plant’ and ‘multi-energy system’, and the relationships between them, as well as the trends towards distributed intelligence and interoperability. Each of these emerging urban energy concepts holds merit when applied within a centralized grid paradigm, but very little research applies these approaches within the emerging energy landscape typified by a high penetration of distributed energy resources, prosumers (consumers and producers), interoperability, and big data. Given the ongoing boom in these fields, this will lead to new challenges and opportunities as the status-quo of energy systems changes dramatically. We argue that a new generation of holonic energy systems is required to orchestrate the interplay between these dense, diverse and distributed energy components. The paper therefore contributes a description of holonic energy systems and the implicit research required towards sustainability and resilience in the imminent energy landscape. This promotes the systemic features of autonomy, belonging, connectivity, diversity and emergence, and balances global and local system objectives, through adaptive control topologies and demand responsive energy management. Future research avenues are identified to support this transition regarding interoperability, secure distributed control and a system of systems approach

സ്ഥാപന-ഗ്രാമ-ബന്ധിത പരിപാടികളിലൂടെ കാര്‍ഷിക പങ്കാളിത്തവും, തീരദേശ ഗ്രാമവികസനവും - അനുഭവപാഠങ്ങള്‍ (Farmers' participation and the coastal village development : Experiences of Institution-Village-Linkage-Programme ) (Malayalam)

സ്ഥാപന-ഗ്രാമ-ബന്ധിത പരിപാടികളിലൂടെ കാര്‍ഷിക പങ്കാളിത്തവും, തീരദേശ ഗ്രാമവികസനവും - അനുഭവപാഠങ്ങള്‍ (Farmers' participation and the coastal village development : Experiences of Institution-Village-Linkage-Programme ) (Malayalam

Poultry Farming in the Coastal Agro Ecosystem of Kerala

The potential for development of the coastal agro eco system through supplementary occupation has not yet been fully realized. The people living the coastal areas are among the poorest in the world. Poor water and soil quality, diseases and social backwardness are the other reasons for unsuccessful development. Though aquaculture has got great scope for generation of wealth and enhanced per capita income, consistent results are not obtained due to fish diseases and inappropriate management at farm level

केरल में एरणाकुलम जिला के तटीय गाँव में संस्थान- गाँव-संपर्क कार्यक्रम

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