Household, community, sub-national and country-level predictors of primary cooking fuel switching in nine countries from the PURE study

Introduction. Switchingfrom polluting (e.g. wood, crop waste, coal)to clean (e.g. gas, electricity) cooking fuels can reduce household air pollution exposures and climate-forcing emissions.While studies have evaluated specific interventions and assessed fuel-switching in repeated cross-sectional surveys, the role of different multilevel factors in household fuel switching, outside of interventions and across diverse community settings, is not well understood. Methods.We examined longitudinal survey data from 24 172 households in 177 rural communities across nine countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.We assessed household-level primary cooking fuel switching during a median of 10 years offollow up (∼2005–2015).We used hierarchical logistic regression models to examine the relative importance of household, community, sub-national and national-level factors contributing to primary fuel switching. Results. One-half of study households(12 369)reported changing their primary cookingfuels between baseline andfollow up surveys. Of these, 61% (7582) switchedfrom polluting (wood, dung, agricultural waste, charcoal, coal, kerosene)to clean (gas, electricity)fuels, 26% (3109)switched between different polluting fuels, 10% (1164)switched from clean to polluting fuels and 3% (522)switched between different clean fuels

Synthesis, Electronic Structure, UV–Vis, Wave Function, and Molecular Docking Studies of Schiff Base (Z)-N-(Thiazol-2-yl)-4-((Thiophene-2-ylmethylene)Amino)Benzenesulfonamide

The (Z)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)-4-((thiophene-2-ylmethylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide (TH2TH) were synthesized. The geometry was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) method. The titled compound week interaction and main binding areas confirmed by topological analysis. The simulated UV–Vis spectrum was calculated by TD-DFT method using IEFPCM solvation model. The HOMO-LUMO, molecular electrostatic potential, and nonlinear optical properties were carried out in the DFT method using gas phase. The pharmacological properties and toxicity were carried out using Swiss-ADME online tools, this result shows titled compound good drug-likeness properties. The molecular docking done using autodock software, against 5LOF protein.</p