Sign Language Recognition for Static and Dynamic Gestures

Humans are called social animals, which makes communication a very important part of humans. Humans use shoes and non-verbal forms of language for communication purposes, but not all humans can give oral speech. Hearing impaired and mute people. Sign language became consequently advanced for them and nevertheless impairs communication. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that uses streams to use CNN networks for the classification of alphabets and numbers. Alphabet and number gestures are static gestures in Indian sign language, and CNN is used because it provides very good results for image classification. Use hand-masked (skin segmented) images for model training. For dynamic hand gestures, the system uses the LSTM network for classification tasks. LSTMs are known for their accurate prediction of time zone distributed data. This paper presents different types of hand gestures, namely two models for static and dynamic prediction, CNN and LSTM

Virology under the microscope—a call for rational discourse

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns – conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we – a broad group of working virologists – seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology

Number needed to screen to identify a person with HIV in studies offering community- and facility-based HTC.

<p>The Henry-Reid et al. <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001496#pmed.1001496-HenryReid1" target="_blank">[87]</a> study was excluded since it did not find any people with HIV among the 20 school participants screened.</p

Relative risks of community-based HTC versus facility-based HTC among key populations.

<p>The numerator for all RRs was the risk of an outcome in community-based testing, while the denominator was the risk of an outcome in facility-based testing.</p

First time testers in community-based testing approaches for key populations.

<p>First time testers in community-based testing approaches for key populations.</p

Uptake of workplace HTC.

<p>Asterisk: data reported were from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, and Nigeria.</p

Uptake of door-to-door HTC.

<p>Asterisk: data reported were exclusively from children aged 18 mo.–13 y.</p

Uptake of self-testing.

<p>Uptake of self-testing.</p

Uptake of school-based HTC.

<p>Uptake of school-based HTC.</p