Diferencias de género en el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños de 6 a 11 años. [Gender differences in motor coordination development in children aged 6 to 11 years].

El objetivo del estudio es analizar los cambios en el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en el periodo escolar, determinando las diferencias en función de los diferentes ámbitos motrices (locomoción y control de objetos), la edad, el género y la utilización de la mano o el pie en las pruebas. Participaron 2649 niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 11 años. La coordinación motriz se midió con el test 3JS. Los resultados muestran una mejora progresiva de la coordinación a lo largo de la etapa, destacando diferencias entre niños y niñas (Z = -6,49, p < 0,01), siendo mayores en la coordinación Control de objetos (Tamaño del efecto hasta 0,262) y menores en la Locomoción. También los niños rindieron mejor que las niñas especialmente en Control de objetos con el pie, principalmente en la edad de 10-11 años. Podemos concluir que la edad y el género condicionan la coordinación motriz en la edad escolar. Abstract This study aims to analyse the development of motor coordination at school, establishing the diversities according to the different motor skills (locomotion and objects control), age, gender and the use of hands or feet in the tests. A sample of 2,649 boys and girls aged 6 to 11 years was used. Motor coordination was assessed using the 3JS test. The results show a progressive improvement of the coordination throughout the stage, highlighting that differences between boys and girls (Z = -6,49, p < 0,01) are bigger in objects control coordination (effect size up to 0,262) and less marked in locomotion. Furthermore, the boys performed better than the girls, especially when controlling objects with their foot, mainly aged 10 to 11 years. We can conclude that age and gender may condition motor coordination on school-age children

Diferencias de género en el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños de 6 a 11 años. [Gender differences in motor coordination development in children aged 6 to 11 years].

El objetivo del estudio es analizar los cambios en el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en el periodo escolar, determinando las diferencias en función de los diferentes ámbitos motrices (locomoción y control de objetos), la edad, el género y la utilización de la mano o el pie en las pruebas. Participaron 2649 niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 11 años. La coordinación motriz se midió con el test 3JS. Los resultados muestran una mejora progresiva de la coordinación a lo largo de la etapa, destacando diferencias entre niños y niñas (Z = -6,49, p < 0,01), siendo mayores en la coordinación Control de objetos (Tamaño del efecto hasta 0,262) y menores en la Locomoción. También los niños rindieron mejor que las niñas especialmente en Control de objetos con el pie, principalmente en la edad de 10-11 años. Podemos concluir que la edad y el género condicionan la coordinación motriz en la edad escolar.AbstractThis study aims to analyse the development of motor coordination at school, establishing the diversities according to the different motor skills (locomotion and objects control), age, gender and the use of hands or feet in the tests. A sample of 2,649 boys and girls aged 6 to 11 years was used. Motor coordination was assessed using the 3JS test. The results show a progressive improvement of the coordination throughout the stage, highlighting that differences between boys and girls (Z = -6,49, p < 0,01) are bigger in objects control coordination (effect size up to 0,262) and less marked in locomotion. Furthermore, the boys performed better than the girls, especially when controlling objects with their foot, mainly aged 10 to 11 years. 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Test de coordinación motriz 3JS: cómo valorar y analizar su ejecución

Assessment of motor coordination in early ages is one of the requirements for physical education professionals and for researchers in this field. The 3JS test aims to assess motor coordination levels in Primary Education students (aged 6-11). A 7-task path is performed consecutively without between-exercise breaks: vertical jumps, turn, throw, kicking, slalom race, slalom ball handling and no-slalom conduction. This document describes the tasks included in the aforementioned test, explaining in detail each of the four qualitative assessment criteria applied to each of them. Also, a sample Education record sheet employed to assess groups of children is shown. Moreover, evaluation variables for the analysis of results are described: motor coordination levels, locomotor coordination, and object control coordination (hands and feet), in addition to Ratios and quotients so as to carry out further comparative analysis of coordination expressions.La valoración de la coordinación motriz en edad temprana es una de las exigencias del profesional de la Educación Física y de los investigadores en este campo. El test 3JS tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de coordinación motriz de los niños y niñas de 6 a 11 años. Se realiza un recorrido con 7 tareas de forma consecutiva y sin descanso intermedio: saltos verticales, giro, lanzamientos, golpeos con el pie, carrera de slalom, bote con slalom y conducción sin slalom. En el documento que se presenta a continuación se describen las tareas de la que consta el test, se explica de forma detallada cada uno de los cuatro criterios de valoración cualitativa en cada una de ellas y se presenta una hoja de registro didáctica para evaluar un grupo de niños. Además, se describen las variables de valoración dentro del análisis de los resultados: Nivel de coordinación motriz, de coordinación locomotriz y de coordinación control de objetos (mano y pie) y Ratios y Cocientes para profundizar en el análisis comparativo entre las expresiones de la coordinación

Long-term controlled GDNF over-expression reduces dopamine transporter activity without affecting tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the rat mesostriatal system

The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein expressed in dopaminergic (DA-) cells that takes back DA into presynaptic neurons after its release. DAT dysfunction has been involved in different neuro-psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, numerous studies support that the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a protective effect on DA-cells. However, studies in rodents show that prolonged GDNF over-expression may cause a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, the limiting enzyme in DA synthesis) decline. The evidence of TH down-regulation suggests that another player in DA handling, DAT, may also be regulated by prolonged GDNF over-expression, and the possibility that this effect is induced at GDNF expression levels lower than those inducing TH down-regulation. This issue was investigated here using intrastriatal injections of a tetracycline-inducible adeno-associated viral vector expressing human GDNF cDNA (AAV-tetON-GDNF) in rats, and doxycycline (DOX; 0.01, 0.03, 0.5 and 3. mg/ml) in the drinking water during 5 weeks. We found that 3 mg/ml DOX promotes an increase in striatal GDNF expression of 12 × basal GDNF levels and both DA uptake decrease and TH down-regulation in its native and Ser40 phosphorylated forms. However, 0.5 mg/ml DOX promotes a GDNF expression increase of 3 × basal GDNF levels with DA uptake decrease but not TH down-regulation. The use of western-blot under non-reducing conditions, co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay revealed that the DA uptake decrease is associated with the formation of DAT dimers and an increase in DAT-α-synuclein interactions, without changes in total DAT levels or its compartmental distribution. In conclusion, at appropriate GDNF transduction levels, DA uptake is regulated through DAT protein-protein interactions without interfering with DA synthesis.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe