Relevance of residual disease after liver resection for incidental gallbladder cancer

AbstractObjectivesIn patients diagnosed with incidental gallbladder cancer (GC), the benefit and optimal extent of further surgery remain unclear. The aims of this study were to analyse outcomes in patients who underwent liver resection following a diagnosis of incidental GC and to determine factors associated with longterm survival.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with incidental GC between June 1999 and June 2010 was performed. Data covering demographics, clinical and surgical characteristics and local pathological stage were analysed.ResultsA total of 24 patients were identified. All patients underwent a resection of segments IVb and V and lymphadenectomy. Histological examination revealed residual disease in 10 patients, all of whom presented with recurrent disease at 3–12months. Overall 5-year survival was 53%. Increasing T-stage (P < 0.001), tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) stage (P= 0.003), and the presence of residual tumour in the resected liver (P < 0.001) were all associated with worse survival.ConclusionsAggressive re-resection of incidental GC offers the only chance for cure, but its efficacy depends on the extent of disease found at the time of repeat surgery. The presence of residual disease correlated strongly with T-stage and was the most relevant prognostic factor for survival in patients treated with curative resection

Bile duct cyst type V (Caroli's disease): surgical strategy and results

AbstractBackground. Caroli's disease (CD) is a benign congenital disorder characterized by segmental cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts. Therapeutic strategy includes medical treatment, percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical drainage of the affected bile ducts, liver resection or transplantation. The aim of this study was to analyse the results and long-term follow-up of a consecutive series of patients who underwent surgical treatment for CD. Patients and methods. Between 1995 and 2005, 10 patients were surgically treated for CD. Variables evaluated were: age, gender, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, percutaneous and surgical treatments, histopathological analysis and outcome. Results. The average age of the patients was 45.8 years. Recurrent cholangitis was the main clinical manifestation (70%). In unilateral CD a liver resection was performed in nine patients (left lateral sectionectomy in seven, left hepatectomy in one and right hepatectomy in one). In bilateral disease a cholecystectomy, duct exploration, hepaticojejunostomy and liver biopsy of both lobes were performed. Average follow-up was 60 months. All the patients are alive and free of symptoms without recurrence in the remnant liver. Discussion. Liver resection is the preferred therapeutic option for unilateral CD, demonstrating good results in long-term follow-up. In bilateral disease, hepaticojejunostomy could be considered as an alternative or a previous step to liver transplantation, which still remains the ultimate option

Caroli's disease: report of surgical options and long-term outcome of patients treated in Argentina. Multicenter study

BACKGROUND: Caroli's disease (CD) management is still controversial. AIM: The purpose of this study is to report the most frequent clinical features, treatment options, and outcome obtained after surgical management of CD. METHODS: A voluntary survey was conducted. Demographic, clinical, surgical, and pathological variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Six centers included 24 patients having received surgical treatment from 1991 to 2009. Seventeen (70.8%) patients were female, with average age of 48.7 years old (20-71), and 95.5% were symptomatic. There was left hemiliver involvement in 75% of the patients. Surgical procedures included nine left lateral sectionectomies, eight left hepatectomies, and four right hepatectomies for those with hemiliver disease, while for patients with bilateral disease, one right hepatectomy and two Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomies were performed. The average length of hospitalization was 7 days. For perioperative complications (25%), three patients presented minor complications (types 1-2), while major complications occurred in three patients (type 3a). No mortality was reported. After a median follow-up of 166 months, all patients are alive and free of symptoms. CD diagnosis was confirmed by histology. Congenital hepatic fibrosis was present in two patients (8.3%) and cholangiocarcinoma in one (4.2%). CONCLUSIONS: CD in Argentina is more common in females with left hemiliver involvement. Surgical resection is the best curative option in unilateral disease, providing long-term survival free of symptoms and complications. In selected cases of bilateral disease without parenchymal involvement, hepaticojejunostomy should be proposed. However, a close follow-up is mandatory because patients might progress and a transplant should be indicated.Fil: Lendoire, Javier. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Doctor Cosme Argerich; ArgentinaFil: Raffin, Gabriel. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Doctor Cosme Argerich; ArgentinaFil: Bracco, Ricardo. No especifíca;Fil: Russi, Rodolfo. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Hospital Naval Buenos Aires Cirujano Mayor Dr. Pedro Mallo; ArgentinaFil: Ardiles, Victoria. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Deflitto, Jorge. No especifíca;Fil: de Santibañez, Eduardo. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Inventarza, Oscar. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Doctor Cosme Argerich; Argentin

Surgical outcomes of gallbladder cancer:the OMEGA retrospective, multicentre, international cohort study

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare but aggressive. The extent of surgical intervention for different GBC stages is non-uniform, ranging from cholecystectomy alone to extended resections including major hepatectomy, resection of adjacent organs and routine extrahepatic bile duct resection (EBDR). Robust evidence here is lacking, however, and survival benefit poorly defined. This study assesses factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and morbidity and mortality following GBC surgery in high income countries (HIC) and low and middle income countries (LMIC). Methods: The multicentre, retrospective Operative Management of Gallbladder Cancer (OMEGA) cohort study included all patients who underwent GBC resection across 133 centres between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. Regression analyses assessed factors associated with OS, RFS and morbidity. Findings: On multivariable analysis of all 3676 patients, wedge resection and segment IVb/V resection failed to improve RFS (HR 1.04 [0.84–1.29], p = 0.711 and HR 1.18 [0.95–1.46], p = 0.13 respectively) or OS (HR 0.96 [0.79–1.17], p = 0.67 and HR 1.48 [1.16–1.88], p = 0.49 respectively), while major hepatectomy was associated with worse RFS (HR 1.33 [1.02–1.74], p = 0.037) and OS (HR 1.26 [1.03–1.53], p = 0.022). Furthermore, EBDR (OR 2.86 [2.3–3.52], p &lt; 0.0010), resection of additional organs (OR 2.22 [1.62–3.02], p &lt; 0.0010) and major hepatectomy (OR 3.81 [2.55–5.73], p &lt; 0.0010) were all associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Compared to LMIC, patients in HIC were associated with poorer RFS (HR 1.18 [1.02–1.37], p = 0.031) but not OS (HR 1.05 [0.91–1.22], p = 0.48). Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments were infrequently used. Interpretation: In this large, multicentre analysis of GBC surgical outcomes, liver resection was not conclusively associated with improved survival, and extended resections were associated with greater morbidity and mortality without oncological benefit. Aggressive upfront resections do not benefit higher stage GBC, and international collaborations are needed to develop evidence-based neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies to minimise surgical morbidity and prioritise prognostic benefit. Funding:Cambridge Hepatopancreatobiliary Department Research Fund.</p

Surgical outcomes of gallbladder cancer:the OMEGA retrospective, multicentre, international cohort study

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare but aggressive. The extent of surgical intervention for different GBC stages is non-uniform, ranging from cholecystectomy alone to extended resections including major hepatectomy, resection of adjacent organs and routine extrahepatic bile duct resection (EBDR). Robust evidence here is lacking, however, and survival benefit poorly defined. This study assesses factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and morbidity and mortality following GBC surgery in high income countries (HIC) and low and middle income countries (LMIC). Methods: The multicentre, retrospective Operative Management of Gallbladder Cancer (OMEGA) cohort study included all patients who underwent GBC resection across 133 centres between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. Regression analyses assessed factors associated with OS, RFS and morbidity. Findings: On multivariable analysis of all 3676 patients, wedge resection and segment IVb/V resection failed to improve RFS (HR 1.04 [0.84–1.29], p = 0.711 and HR 1.18 [0.95–1.46], p = 0.13 respectively) or OS (HR 0.96 [0.79–1.17], p = 0.67 and HR 1.48 [1.16–1.88], p = 0.49 respectively), while major hepatectomy was associated with worse RFS (HR 1.33 [1.02–1.74], p = 0.037) and OS (HR 1.26 [1.03–1.53], p = 0.022). Furthermore, EBDR (OR 2.86 [2.3–3.52], p &lt; 0.0010), resection of additional organs (OR 2.22 [1.62–3.02], p &lt; 0.0010) and major hepatectomy (OR 3.81 [2.55–5.73], p &lt; 0.0010) were all associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Compared to LMIC, patients in HIC were associated with poorer RFS (HR 1.18 [1.02–1.37], p = 0.031) but not OS (HR 1.05 [0.91–1.22], p = 0.48). Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments were infrequently used. Interpretation: In this large, multicentre analysis of GBC surgical outcomes, liver resection was not conclusively associated with improved survival, and extended resections were associated with greater morbidity and mortality without oncological benefit. Aggressive upfront resections do not benefit higher stage GBC, and international collaborations are needed to develop evidence-based neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies to minimise surgical morbidity and prioritise prognostic benefit. Funding:Cambridge Hepatopancreatobiliary Department Research Fund.</p

Dress syndrome and fulminant hepatic failure induced by lamotrigine

Lamotrigine is a non-aromatic antiepileptic drug. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe idiosyncratic reaction to drugs, especially anti-epileptic drugs. Associated clinical features include cutaneous eruption, fever, multiple peripheral lymphadenopathies, and potentially life-threatening damage of one or more organs. We report a case of DRESS syndrome induced by lamotrigine presenting with a hypersensitivity syndrome and fulminant hepatic failure requiring liver transplant. A 21-year old female patient presented an episode of seizure with loss of conscience. CT and EEG studies performed were normal. Treatment with lamotrigine was prescribed. In the course of 30 days, the patient developed skin lesions, pruritus, cholestatic hepatitis, and systemic symptoms-fever, lymphadenopathies, extensive exfoliative erythematous maculopapular rash, and jaundice. Serologic and laboratory tests showed no other causes responsible for the clinical spectrum. Hematologic tests revealed peripheral eosinophilia. Fulminant hepatic failure was diagnosed and an orthotopic liver transplant was performed. Histologic sections of the ex-planted liver demonstrated submassive hepatic necrosis, with the remnant portal spaces and lobules showing a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and eosinophils. Lamotrigine treatment has been associated with multiorgan failure, DRESS syndrome, acute hepatic failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In conclusion, we suggest that these potentially fatal side effects should be considered in any patient with clinical deterioration following administration of this drug

Estudio de factores pronóstico en resecciones hepáticas por metástasis de carcinoma colorrectal - análisis de dos scores

Antecedentes. La resección es el tratamiento de elecciónpara las metástasis hepáticas del cáncer colorrectal. Objetivo. Analizar retrospectivamente distintos factores pronósticos de supervivencia alejada en una serie consecutiva de resecciones hepáticas por metástasis de carcinoma colorrectal. Población y método. Es un estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo. Entre octubre de 1998 y noviembre de 2007, realizamos 89 resecciones hepáticas por metástasis colorrectales. Se analizaron en forma retrospectiva los datos de base de resecciones hepáticas evaluando: variables demográficas, dependientes del tumor primario y del procedimiento quirúrgico. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia de acuerdo con el score de Fong y con el índice predictivo de Basingstoke. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes fue 60,5 años y 67,4% eran hombres. El tumor primario se localizó en el colon en el 73% de los casos. En el 68,5% la metástasis fue metacrónica. El hemihígado derecho estaba comprometido en 46 casos (52%). Se realizaron 36 (40,2%) hepatectomías mayores, 55 menores (59,8%) y 14 procedimientos combinados (15,7%). De ellas, 77 (86,5%) fueron resecciones R0. La morbilidad fue del 32,6%, sin mortalidad perioperatoria. El seguimiento promedio fue de 32,5 meses (rango 1 a 158 meses) con una mediana de 25,5 meses. La supervivencia global media fue de 69,7 meses y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad media de 58,7 meses. El análisis multivariado halló significación estadística para la utilización de hemoderivados y margen de resección. Treinta y cuatro (45,9%) pacientes están vivos actualmente. El índice predictivo de Basingstoke para variables postoperatorias mostró diferencias significativas no halladas con el score clínico de Fong sobre factores pronósticos. Conclusiones. La aplicación del índice predictivo de Basingstoke y el score de Fong junto a marcadores biológicos podrá determinar la estrategia terapéutica más adecuada en cada paciente

Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer – results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive, uncommon malignancy, with variation in operative approaches adopted across centres and few large-scale studies to guide practice. We aimed to identify the extent of heterogeneity in GBC internationally to better inform the need for future multicentre studies. Methods: A 34-question online survey was disseminated to members of the European-African Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (EAHPBA), American Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (AHPBA) and Asia–Pacific Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (A-PHPBA) regarding practices around diagnostic workup, operative approach, utilization of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and surveillance strategies. Results: Two hundred and three surgeons responded from 51 countries. High liver resection volume units (>50 resections/year) organised HPB multidisciplinary team discussion of GBCs more commonly than those with low volumes (p < 0.0001). Management practices exhibited areas of heterogeneity, particularly around operative extent. Contrary to consensus guidelines, anatomical liver resections were favoured over non-anatomical resections for T3 tumours and above, lymphadenectomy extent was lower than recommended, and a minority of respondents still routinely excised the common bile duct or port sites. Conclusion: Our findings suggest some similarities in the management of GBC internationally, but also specific areas of practice which differed from published guidelines. Transcontinental collaborative studies on GBC are necessary to establish evidence-based practice to minimise variation and optimise outcomes

Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer – results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive, uncommon malignancy, with variation in operative approaches adopted across centres and few large-scale studies to guide practice. We aimed to identify the extent of heterogeneity in GBC internationally to better inform the need for future multicentre studies. Methods: A 34-question online survey was disseminated to members of the European-African Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (EAHPBA), American Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (AHPBA) and Asia–Pacific Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (A-PHPBA) regarding practices around diagnostic workup, operative approach, utilization of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and surveillance strategies. Results: Two hundred and three surgeons responded from 51 countries. High liver resection volume units (>50 resections/year) organised HPB multidisciplinary team discussion of GBCs more commonly than those with low volumes (p < 0.0001). Management practices exhibited areas of heterogeneity, particularly around operative extent. Contrary to consensus guidelines, anatomical liver resections were favoured over non-anatomical resections for T3 tumours and above, lymphadenectomy extent was lower than recommended, and a minority of respondents still routinely excised the common bile duct or port sites. Conclusion: Our findings suggest some similarities in the management of GBC internationally, but also specific areas of practice which differed from published guidelines. Transcontinental collaborative studies on GBC are necessary to establish evidence-based practice to minimise variation and optimise outcomes. © 2022 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc

Standardization of Pathologic Sampling and Evaluation of Gallbladder Specimens: Recommendations of the International Study Group on Gallbladder Cancer (ISG-GBC) of International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA)

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