Analysıs Of Archıtectural Composıtıon Of Publıcs Buıldıngs By Context Of Vısual Perceptıon, Ankara (1923-2014)

Bu tez çalışmasında Ankara'da Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan günümüze kadar olan kamu binalarının (Bakanlıklar, Genel Müdürlükler) görsel kompozisyon analizleri yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Seçilen 37 örnek, 4 farklı dönem olan, 1.ulusal mimari dönem, uluslar arası mimari dönem, 2.ulusal mimari dönem ve çok partili siyasal dönemden günümüze kadar olan binalar, kent ölçeğinde ve bina ölçeğinde olmak üzere, iki ölçekte analiz edilmiştir. Kent ölçeğinde K.Lynch in analiz yöntemleri yapılarak binanın kent içindeki pozisyonu, görsel algı için çevresinde yeterli boşlukların olup olmadığı, kütle ve mimari biçim olarak çevredeki tekrar eden sivil binalardan farklılık gösterip ve bir röper noktası (landmark) oluşturma başarısı incelenmiştir. Bina ölçeğinde ise analiz edilen örnekler farklı dönemlerde farklı üsluplarda olmalarına rağmen bu dönemsel üslupları göz ardı edilerek, geometrik form ve cephe elemanlarının kompozisyonları "algı psikolojisi" analiz yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bina ölçeğinde yapılan bu analizlerde Gestalt, R.Arnheim ve H.Sanoff algı psikolojisi-geometrik kompozisyon yaklaşımları analiz yöntemi olarak seçilmiştir. Birinci ve ikinci ulusal dönemde yapılan yönetim yapılarında simetrinin hakim olduğu görülmektedir ayrıca ara dönem olarak tanımlanan dönemdeki yabancı mimarların yaptığı örneklerin incelediğimizde ise simetrinin ağırlıklı olarak devam ettiği bazı yapılarda ise kısmen simetrinin bozulduğu görülmektedir, 1950 sonrasında ki binalarda ise, değişerek asimetrik ve parçalı plan tipleri örneklerinin yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kamu binalarının kentsel konumu ve algısı açısından bakıldığında ise, çevre binalardan farklılaştığı ve işaret noktası oluşturduğu görülmektedir.In this thesis, it was aimed to analyze the visual compositions of the public buildings placed in Ankara (ministries, general directorates) from the foundation of Turkish Republic till now. The buildings, which were selected from 37 examples by 4 different periods, 1st national architectural period, international architectural period, 2nd national architectural period and multi-party political period, were analyzed on two scales, urban scale, and building scale. K. Lynch's analysis methods were used to determine the building's position within the city for visual perception, whether there were enough space around it and how it differs from the recurrent civil buildings in the surrounding area and how to obtain a landmark. In the case of the building scale, although the analyzed samples are in different styles in different periods, these periodical styles are ignored and analyzed only as the compositions of the geometric form and the facade elements. In these analyzes made at the building scale, Gestalt, R. Arnheim and H.Sanoff perception psychology-geometric composition approaches were chosen as the method. It is seen that symmetry dominate the management structures constructed during the first and second national period also when we investigate the examples made by foreign architects in the period defined as intermediate period, it is observed that symmetry in some of the structures is partially impaired. After 1950, it has been changed to make asymmetric and fragmented plan types. In terms of the urban location and perception of public buildings, it is seen that they differ from surrounding buildings and create the landmark

Prevalence of positive recto-vaginal culture for Group B streptococcus in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation

 Abstract Background: Recto-vaginal colonization of Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been known as an important issue in mother and newborn’s health, which is getting frequent in developing countries. Screening test have been introduced and utilized in many countries and is recommended by many researchers. However, due to lack of information in prevalence of GBS, especially in Iran, there are doubts and controversies regarding whether it is necessary to execute any effort to run screening tests. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of positive recto-vaginal culture for GBS in pregnant women between 35-37 weeks of pregnancy in Tehran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women in 35th-37th week of pregnancy were included. All hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were stratified and clustered, and the sampling was done randomly. All recto-vaginal samples were referred to Firoozgar Hospital’s pathology laboratory in less than an hour and the results were reported afterwards. Other demographic information and pregnancy and neonatal-related complications such as previous pre-term delivery, PROM (Premature rupture of membrane) and neonatal sepsis and maternal infection were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of positive GBS cultures was 22.76% (234 Out of 1028). No significant difference was found in positive cultures with mother’s age, educational level, and history of pregnancy, maternal omplications, and previous neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: Due to similar results with other countries, recto-vaginal GBS culture screening is recommended in Iranian urban pregnant women regarding high prevalence and higher neonatal complication.&nbsp

A comparison between the effects of metformin and N -acetyl cysteine (NAC) on some metabolic and endocrine characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: To compare N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Method: Study was performed as a randomized double-blind clinical trial on women with diagnosis of PCOS without additional complications. In one group, oral NAC 600 mg, three times a day and in the other group, 500 mg oral metformin, three times a day were prescribed. Duration of treatment was 24 weeks, and after finishing this period of treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBS) and insulin, lipid profile and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index were measured (all the blood samples were taken while fasting) and were compared in the two groups.Results: Forty-six women in NAC group and 48 women in metformin group finished the study. The two groups did not show significant difference according to age, body mass index (BMI) of more than 30; mean BMI, AUB, FBS, fasting blood insulin, lipid profile and HOMA index before treatment. After 24 weeks of treatment; BMI >30 17 (35.4%) versus 7 (15.2%), p = 0.033, mean BMI (28.36 ± 2.27) versus (27.11 ± 3.55), p = 0.44, number of women with the complain of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) 24 (50%) versus 13 (28.3%), p = 0.037, FBS (90.02 ± 6.24) versus (86.61 ± 7.81), p = 0.021, fasting insulin (10.40 ± 2.64 versus 8.89 ± 2.20, p = 0.004), HOMA Index (2.09 ± 0.69 versus 1.71 ± 0.45, p = 0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (141.83 ± 26.98 versus 127.89 ± 28.70, p = 0.017) were less in NAC group. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol did not show significant difference between the two groups after treatment. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in NAC group.Conclusion: NAC can improve lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) and fasting blood insulin better than metformin. © 2015 Taylor & Francis

A comparative study on the efficacy of nifedipine and indomethacin for prevention of preterm birth as monotherapy and combination therapy: a randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Preterm delivery is an important issue in obstetrics, which is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, finding a way to prevent it is always under serious concern. Objective: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of two tocolytic agents, nifedipine and indomethacin, for inhibiting preterm uterine contractions as monotherapy and combination therapy. Materials and methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on pregnant women with gestational age of 26�34 weeks of pregnancy who referred to hospital for preterm labor. They were randomly assigned to three groups. Indomethacin plus placebo, nifedipine plus placebo, and a combination of indomethacin and nifedipine were administered to the three groups. Inhibiting contractions for 2 hours and prevention of delivery for 48 hours and 7 days were evaluated. Also, duration of pregnancy, the number of preterm births, and the interval between entering the study and delivery were compared between three groups. Results: One hundred fifty women were eligible for the study. Two women in the nifedipine group and one woman in the combined group were excluded from the study because of hypotension. The women of the three groups did not have significant difference according to age, BMI, gravidity, parity, Bishop score, gestational age, and the number of contractions at entering the study. Thirty-six women (72) in the indomethacin group, 36 women (72) in the nifedipine group, and 41 women (89.4) in the combination group had stopped contractions within the first 2 hours of intervention (p =.002). Inhibiting contractions for 48 hours (p =.003), inhibiting contractions for 7 days (p =.021), gestational age at birth (p =.001), number of pregnancies more than 37 weeks (p =.007), and neonatal weight (p =.020) were significantly more in the combination group. Conclusion: Combination therapy with nifedipine and indomethacin was more effective than monotherapy with either of these two medications for inhibiting preterm labor, delaying delivery, and prolongation of the duration of pregnancy. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Efficacy comparison of titrated oral solution of misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin on labour induction in women with full-term pregnancy

A double-blind randomised trial was conducted on women with gestational age of 40–42 weeks of pregnancy and Bishop score of more than 5. The first group received oxytocin infusion and the second group received a titrated oral solution of misoprostol. Then, the two groups were compared by the primary outcome (the number of deliveries in the first 24 hours of intervention). The two groups did not have any significant difference in maternal and gestational age at the time of intervention, primary Bishop score, parity and neonatal weight. The number of deliveries in the first 24 hours was greater in the misoprostol group. Duration of onset of intervention to proper contractions was longer in the misoprostol group. However, the number of deliveries between 6–12 hours, 12–18 hours and 18–24 hours after induction was greater in the misoprostol group. The incidence of tachysystole and meconium was greater in the misoprostol group.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Labour induction is widely used where the continuation of pregnancy might be dangerous for the mother or the baby. Of the various methods used for induction, misoprostol which is a prostaglandin E1 analogue has been reviewed more in recent years. Misoprostol has various routes of administration but in most studies only vaginal administration has been evaluated, leaving us with limited data about oral administration. What do the results of this study add? Oral misoprostol is a suitable method for labour induction and can be used as an alternative to oxytocin. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Misoprostol is not expensive, has a long shelf life, accessible in underdeveloped countries and rural areas and has several routes of administrations such as oral, sublingual and vaginal. Despite the fact that the oral route of misoprostol has a fast absorption and easier administration, there are relatively few studies assessing the the use of the oral route of misoprostol. Misoprostol is a suitable method for Labour induction and it has the potentials of being used as an alternative for oxytocin, however, the optimum dosages, the preferred route of administration, the maximum dose, the maximum time for administration, and maternal and neonatal safety should be studied more

A comparative study on the efficacy of nifedipine and indomethacin for prevention of preterm birth as monotherapy and combination therapy: a randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Preterm delivery is an important issue in obstetrics, which is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, finding a way to prevent it is always under serious concern. Objective: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of two tocolytic agents, nifedipine and indomethacin, for inhibiting preterm uterine contractions as monotherapy and combination therapy. Materials and methods: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on pregnant women with gestational age of 26�34 weeks of pregnancy who referred to hospital for preterm labor. They were randomly assigned to three groups. Indomethacin plus placebo, nifedipine plus placebo, and a combination of indomethacin and nifedipine were administered to the three groups. Inhibiting contractions for 2 hours and prevention of delivery for 48 hours and 7 days were evaluated. Also, duration of pregnancy, the number of preterm births, and the interval between entering the study and delivery were compared between three groups. Results: One hundred fifty women were eligible for the study. Two women in the nifedipine group and one woman in the combined group were excluded from the study because of hypotension. The women of the three groups did not have significant difference according to age, BMI, gravidity, parity, Bishop score, gestational age, and the number of contractions at entering the study. Thirty-six women (72) in the indomethacin group, 36 women (72) in the nifedipine group, and 41 women (89.4) in the combination group had stopped contractions within the first 2 hours of intervention (p =.002). Inhibiting contractions for 48 hours (p =.003), inhibiting contractions for 7 days (p =.021), gestational age at birth (p =.001), number of pregnancies more than 37 weeks (p =.007), and neonatal weight (p =.020) were significantly more in the combination group. Conclusion: Combination therapy with nifedipine and indomethacin was more effective than monotherapy with either of these two medications for inhibiting preterm labor, delaying delivery, and prolongation of the duration of pregnancy. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Evaluation the relationship between serum progesterone level and pain perception after cesarean delivery

Introduction: Cesarean delivery is the most common surgery in obstetrics, and pain relief after cesarean section is an important concern for obstetricians and their patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum progesterone level and pain perception after cesarean delivery. Method: The study was performed as a prospective cohort study on 166 pregnant women who were candidates for elective cesarean delivery due to previous cesarean section. Before surgery, serum progesterone level was measured. Pain score of women was evaluated 4, 8, 12, and 24�h after surgery using visual analog scale (VAS) score, and correlation between progesterone level and pain was evaluated. Results: The median value of serum progesterone was 119.45�ng/ml. Mean pain score in hours 4, 8, 12, and 24 were 6.80�±�2.11, 5.31�±�1.48, 3.89�±�1.68, and 2.30�±�1.26, respectively. The women were divided according to mean progesterone level of 119.45�ng/ml into two groups of high progesterone level (�119.45) and low progesterone level (<119.45), and the pain score was evaluated in different times (hour 4, 8, 12, and 24) for both levels of progesterone. The mean pain score in the 4, 8, 12, and 24�h were significantly lower in high progesterone group (progesterone level �119.45). The number of women with low pain score (less than five) in hours 12 and 24 was significantly higher in high progesterone level group. With increasing BMI, progesterone level was lower and women with higher BMI, had a higher pain score in hours 4, 8, 12, and 24, while women with lower BMI had a lower pain score during the same hours. (p�=�.004, r�=�0.223; p�=�.004, r�=�0.223; p�=�.039, r�=�0.160; and p�=�.007, r�=�0.207). Progesterone level and BMI (p�=�.025, r�=���0.174), and progesterone level and pain score in hours 4, 8, 12, and 24 (p�=�.000, r�=���0.324; p�=�.000, r�=���0.474; p�=�.000, r�=���0.329; and p�=�.000, r�=���0.417, respectively) showed a negative significant correlation. Putting three variables of age, gestational age, and BMI in a multiple regression model, progesterone level showed significant negative correlation with the pain score in hour 4 (p�=�.000, r�=���0.305), hour 8 (p�=�.000, r�=���0.461), hour 12 (p�=�.000, r�=���0.328), and hour 24 (p�=�.000, r�=���0.409). Conclusions: Serum progesterone level showed a negative correlation with the pain score after cesarean section. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Grou

Efficacy comparison of titrated oral solution of misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin on labour induction in women with full-term pregnancy

A double-blind randomised trial was conducted on women with gestational age of 40�42 weeks of pregnancy and Bishop score of more than 5. The first group received oxytocin infusion and the second group received a titrated oral solution of misoprostol. Then, the two groups were compared by the primary outcome (the number of deliveries in the first 24 hours of intervention). The two groups did not have any significant difference in maternal and gestational age at the time of intervention, primary Bishop score, parity and neonatal weight. The number of deliveries in the first 24 hours was greater in the misoprostol group. Duration of onset of intervention to proper contractions was longer in the misoprostol group. However, the number of deliveries between 6�12 hours, 12�18 hours and 18�24 hours after induction was greater in the misoprostol group. The incidence of tachysystole and meconium was greater in the misoprostol group.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Labour induction is widely used where the continuation of pregnancy might be dangerous for the mother or the baby. Of the various methods used for induction, misoprostol which is a prostaglandin E1 analogue has been reviewed more in recent years. Misoprostol has various routes of administration but in most studies only vaginal administration has been evaluated, leaving us with limited data about oral administration. What do the results of this study add? Oral misoprostol is a suitable method for labour induction and can be used as an alternative to oxytocin. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Misoprostol is not expensive, has a long shelf life, accessible in underdeveloped countries and rural areas and has several routes of administrations such as oral, sublingual and vaginal. Despite the fact that the oral route of misoprostol has a fast absorption and easier administration, there are relatively few studies assessing the the use of the oral route of misoprostol. Misoprostol is a suitable method for Labour induction and it has the potentials of being used as an alternative for oxytocin, however, the optimum dosages, the preferred route of administration, the maximum dose, the maximum time for administration, and maternal and neonatal safety should be studied more. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Efficacy comparison of titrated oral solution of misoprostol and intravenous oxytocin on labour induction in women with full-term pregnancy

A double-blind randomised trial was conducted on women with gestational age of 40�42 weeks of pregnancy and Bishop score of more than 5. The first group received oxytocin infusion and the second group received a titrated oral solution of misoprostol. Then, the two groups were compared by the primary outcome (the number of deliveries in the first 24 hours of intervention). The two groups did not have any significant difference in maternal and gestational age at the time of intervention, primary Bishop score, parity and neonatal weight. The number of deliveries in the first 24 hours was greater in the misoprostol group. Duration of onset of intervention to proper contractions was longer in the misoprostol group. However, the number of deliveries between 6�12 hours, 12�18 hours and 18�24 hours after induction was greater in the misoprostol group. The incidence of tachysystole and meconium was greater in the misoprostol group.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Labour induction is widely used where the continuation of pregnancy might be dangerous for the mother or the baby. Of the various methods used for induction, misoprostol which is a prostaglandin E1 analogue has been reviewed more in recent years. Misoprostol has various routes of administration but in most studies only vaginal administration has been evaluated, leaving us with limited data about oral administration. What do the results of this study add? Oral misoprostol is a suitable method for labour induction and can be used as an alternative to oxytocin. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Misoprostol is not expensive, has a long shelf life, accessible in underdeveloped countries and rural areas and has several routes of administrations such as oral, sublingual and vaginal. Despite the fact that the oral route of misoprostol has a fast absorption and easier administration, there are relatively few studies assessing the the use of the oral route of misoprostol. Misoprostol is a suitable method for Labour induction and it has the potentials of being used as an alternative for oxytocin, however, the optimum dosages, the preferred route of administration, the maximum dose, the maximum time for administration, and maternal and neonatal safety should be studied more. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Dexamethasone versus placebo for prevention of nausea, vomiting and pain after open total abdominal hysterectomy

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a disturbing issue. Dexamethasone has been suggested for the prevention of PONV. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone as an anti-emetic and analgesic following total abdominal hysterectomy. The study was performed as a double blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial on 102 women undergoing an open total abdominal hysterectomy. The intervention group received 8 mg dexamethasone 1 h before surgery, and the control group received a placebo. The total number of emesis episodes during the 24 h after surgery did not show significant difference between the two groups, however, the number of emesis episodes in hours 2 and 4 after the surgery were less in the intervention group, but not in hours 0, 6, 12 and 24. The nausea severity in hours 0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 after the surgery, was less in the intervention group. The severity of pain was not different between the two groups.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an important and disturbing issue. It is one of the most common problems following gynaecological surgeries including open total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Dexamethasone has been suggested as a prophylaxis for the prevention of PONV. What do the results of this study add? Dexamethasone 8 mg is effective for the prevention of late onset PONV (after 2 h of surgery) in the cases of open total abdominal hysterectomy. However, it has no effect on PONV immediately following surgery (hour 0) and pain. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Dexamethasone can be considered as an effective prophylaxis for PONV for the first 24 h after an open total abdominal hysterectomy, but it has limited effects on the management of early onset of PONV; between 0 and 2 h after surgery. Since the highest rates of emesis episodes and nausea severity are at this time, it is suggested to combine another rapid onset medication with dexamethasone. Also, dexamethasone, 8 mg, cannot be considered for pain relief after an open total abdominal hysterectomy. Higher amounts of dexamethasone should be evaluated for this purpose, in order to find appropriate dosages