Water Disputes over Inter - State Rivers: The Indian Experience

Water is the most important natural resource; it is essential to all forms of life. Surface water and ground water are the two forms of water resource. India is sustained by agricultural economy. It leads the world in the irrigation sector. The irrigation facilities have been the central feature of India’s agricultural development since independence. There has been a huge investment in the irrigation sector during the last six decades. Yet, there is a need for further extension of irrigation facilities to step up the production of food. River projects are being designed so as to provide for hydroelectric power, flood control, navigation, recreation facilities and fish culture. Their uses would also include domestic (meaning drinking water with high priority) and industrial uses. All these uses of water contribute to the improvement of the country’s general standard of living

Analysis of dental caries using generalized linear and count regression models

Generalized linear models (GLM) are generalization of linear regression models, which allow fi tting regression models to response data in all the sciences especially medical and dental sciences that follow a general exponential family. These are fl exible and widely used class of such models that can accommodate response variables. Count data are frequently characterized by overdispersion and excess zeros. Zero-infl ated count models provide a parsimonious yet powerful way to model this type of situation. Such models assume that the data are a mixture of two separate data generation processes: one generates only zeros, and the other is either a Poisson or a negative binomial data-generating process. Zero infl ated count regression models such as the zero-infl ated Poisson (ZIP), zeroinfl ated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models have been used to handle dental caries count data with many zeros. We present an evaluation framework to the suitability of applying the GLM, Poisson, NB, ZIP and ZINB to dental caries data set where the count data may exhibit evidence of many zeros and overdispersion. Estimation of the model parameters using the method of maximum likelihood is provided. Based on the Vuong test statistic and the goodness of fi t measure for dental caries data, the NB and ZINB regression models perform better than other count regression model

Multiple logistic regression model to predict risk factors of oral health diseases

To analysis the dependence of oral health diseases i.e. dental caries and periodontal disease on considering the number of riskfactors through the applications of logistic regression model. Method: The cross sectional study involves a systematic random sample of 1760 permanent dentition aged between 18-40 years in Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Dharwad is situated in North Karnataka. The mean age was 34.26±7.28. The risk factors of dental caries and periodontal disease were established by multiple logistic regression model using SPSS statistical software. Results: The factors like frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes are signifi cant persistent predictors of dental caries and periodontal disease. The log likelihood value of full model is –1013.1364 and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) is 1.1752 as compared to reduced regression model are -1019.8106 and 1.1748 respectively for dental caries. But, the log likelihood value of full model is –1085.7876 and AIC is 1.2577 followed by reduced Romanian Statistical Review nr. 5 / 2012 regression model are -1019.8106 and 1.1748 respectively for periodontal disease. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for the dental caries is 0.7509 (full model) and 0.7447 (reduced model); the ROC for the periodontal disease is 0.6128 (full model) and 0.5821 (reduced model

Haglund’s disease: surgical outcome of calcaneal osteotomy

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the surgical outcome of Haglund’s disease by calcaneal osteotomy.Methods: 23 cases of Haglund’s disease who failed to respond to conservative treatment were considered for surgery. Parallel pitch lines were drawn in the lateral view radiograph of the calcaneum and the bursal projection to be resected was assessed. All cases were surgically treated with calcaneal osteotomy through lateral approach and followed.Results: 23 cases of Haglund’s disease were treated with this procedure and 21 were available for follow up. The mean follow-up was 15 months. The mean preoperative AOFAS score of 60.57 points (SD= 3.23) and postoperative score of 88.71 points (SD= 3.92) was obtained. Three minor complications were noted. Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that calcaneal ostectomy produces outcomes that justify surgical intervention in cases of Haglund’s disease

Tests for Two-Sample Location Problem Based on Subsample Quantiles

This paper presents a new class of test procedures for two-sample location problem based on subsample quantiles. The class includes Mann-Whitney test as a special case. The asymptotic normality of the class of tests proposed is established. The asymptotic relative performance of the proposed class of test with respect to the optimal member of Xie and Priebe (2000) is studied in terms of Pitman efficiency for various underlying distribution

Social disparities in exposure to heat in Atlanta using data from CDC’s Environmental Public Health Tracking Network and NASA’s ECOSTRESS satellite

Globally, extreme temperature events are observed to be increasing in their frequency, duration, and magnitude. As global warming and climate change have become increasingly prevalent phenomena, the intensity and frequency of extreme heat events has also seen an upward trend. Heat from these high temperatures represents a natural hazard that adversely affects human health. Accounting to approximately 650 deaths per year in the United States, extreme heat events cause more fatalities than any other weather hazard. The physiological responses to extreme heat depend on whether these changes are short term or long term. Acclimatization can only occur in case of long-term and slower changes. It is therefore essential for us to identify the populations that are most vulnerable and enforce effective policy changes to either prevent catastrophic events, or prepare the communities for extreme events. What makes heat stress different is that it is readily perceived by individuals, unlike most other environmental exposures. Socioeconomic factors play a major role in increasing an individual’s susceptibility to heat stress. Heat stress has been said to disproportionately impact people with low median household income and people of color, raising issues such as health equity and environmental injustice. It has been a challenge to study the effects of heat on health with respect to racial and socioeconomic disparities because these characteristics are often correlated. By understanding disparities, public health can better target interventions that prevent the health effects of heat stress illness. The purpose of this project was to firstly understand variation of heat trends in the counties of Fulton and DeKalb, Atlanta Metropolitan Area. Secondly, it looked for patterns of correlation between heat trends and social determinants of health or SDHs (racial distribution, median household income, level of educational attainment). This was done using NASA-ECOSTRESS satellite raster data for high resolution land surface temperatures and U.S. Census Bureau data for census data corresponding our SDH’s of interest. Although studies of this type have been conducted before, they have never been at the census tract level

Rearing performance of tropical Tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta Drury) on Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its commercial silk properties

Tasar silkworm, Antheraeamylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is one of the commercially exploited non-mulberry silkworms mainly reared outdoor on many wild plants. The ecorace of tasar silkworm occurring in cashew (Anacardiumoccidentale L.) plantations of Puttur was identified as A. mylitta KE-02. Pooled egg, larval and pupal period of tasar silkworm upon indoor rearing on cashew recorded were 6.43, 28.69 and 25.36 days, respec-tively, with the effective rate of rearing of 40 %. The average cocoon weight, pupal weight and shell weight recorded were 6.24 g, 5.30 and 1.18 g, respectively. The high shell ratio of 22.26 %, shows a healthy trend for high yielding tasar rearing on cashew. The commercial silk properties of cashew reared cocoons were assessed in comparison to silk properties of cocoons reared on Terminalia paniculata. Average filament length, average non-breakable filament length, denier, strength and elongation were found 547.2 m, 1231.6 m, 8.92 D, 1.57 gpd and 16.9 %, respectively on cashew and 518.2 m, 161.94 m, 9.13 D, 1.73 gpd and 18.7 % , respectively on T. paniculata. The present study has documented the biology of tasar silk worm on cashew and also the commercial silk properties of cocoon reared on cashew at preliminary level