An investigation into phenotypic, genetic, and neural correlates of wellbeing

Wellbeing, a key aspect of mental health, is defined as a state of positive subjective experience and optimal psychological functioning. This thesis presents a series of studies devised to comprehensively explore phenotypic, genetic, and neural correlates of wellbeing. The first study (Chapter 2) aimed to compare the heritability and stability of different wellbeing measures in the TWIN-E dataset (N~1600) to discern the most suitable approach for measuring wellbeing for subsequent gene discovery efforts. This twin-based study concluded that multi-item measures of wellbeing such as the COMPAS-W scale, were more heritable and stable than single-item measures. Wellbeing-associated variants were identified via genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and highlighted the need for larger sample size. The subsequent studies were conducted using population-scale data from the UK Biobank comprising ~130,000 participants with phenotypic and genetic data. Thus, in Chapter 3, I constructed a multi-item “wellbeing index” measure using UK Biobank data to investigate its relationship phenotypically and genetically (using GWAS, polygenic scores and LD score regression) with negative mental health indicators (e.g., neuroticism and loneliness), childhood maltreatment and psychiatric illness. I confirmed that SNP-heritability of wellbeing index was higher than both single-item measures and estimates previously reported (SNP-h2 = 8.6%). Moreover, I provide an overview of phenotypic and genetic correlations between wellbeing index and negative mental health indicators. In addition, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric illnesses were associated with reduced wellbeing, with evidence that genetic factors may influence their correlations. In Chapter 4, I investigated the genetic and phenotypic associations between wellbeing index and brain structure, using magnetic resonance image-derived phenotypes from the UK Biobank. This study found associations between wellbeing and volumes of brainstem, cerebellum and subcortical regions, and structural morphology of various cortical regions. Thus, wellbeing is associated with complex structural variations, each with a small effect. Together, this thesis explores the multifaceted nature of wellbeing, elucidating its phenotypic and genetic relationships with related phenotypes, childhood maltreatment, and psychiatric outcomes, and provides novel insights into the associations between wellbeing, its genetic signatures and brain structure

The study of the effect of relationship between value added economic, operating cash flow, and the stock market value of pharmaceutical companies

Financial statements based on generally apply to judgments and methods of computation are about different aspects related items. In this study, indices of Value Added Economic (EVA) were compared mutually in relation with stocks market value of the companies. In order to perform this research pharmaceutical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected and 30 companies were chosen as instances. Data analysis is done using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient and finally model test. Results showed that the mean stocks market value 1.9  and Value Added Economic is 0.16. Correlation coefficient between Value Added Economic (42%)  and variables of stocks market value 53)%)  is positive and significant at the level of 1%. results showed that the Value Added Economic is a major index in perdict of stocks market value in pharmaceutical companies

The study of intellectual capital and earnings in the Tehran Stock Exchange

Intellectual capital as a vital stimulate for various organizations has been increased since different societies have transferred from industrial era to an information era. The aim of this study is relationship between intellectual capital and earnings in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The study was carried out in a period of time, between the years 2002 to 2008 which involved 40 petrochemical and pharmaceutical companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. Hypotheses of research include: 1- Between intellectual capital and stability of Earnings are a significant relationship. 2- Between human capital and stability of Earnings is a significant relationship. 3- Between structural capital and stability of Earnings is a significant relationship. The variable of this study is variable is C, HCE, SCE, CEE, SIZE. The results of testing these hypotheses indicate that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and stability of earnings in the studied enterprises and the firm size also has a moderator effect on the relationship between the two. Therefore, the role and importance of intellectual capital is more marked while accessing the sustainable profitability. Finally, it may be suggested that with the numerous indicators of earnings quality, future researchers can examine the relationship between intellectual capital and these indicators. Also, since in the present research the focus was mainly on the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance, and little was investigated about the methods of measuring intellectual capital, it is recommended to the future researchers to take this important issue into their close considerations

The study of intellectual capital and earnings in the Tehran Stock Exchange

Intellectual capital as a vital stimulate for various organizations has been increased since different societies have transferred from industrial era to an information era. The aim of this study is relationship between intellectual capital and earnings in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The study was carried out in a period of time, between the years 2002 to 2008 which involved 40 petrochemical and pharmaceutical companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. Hypotheses of research include: 1- Between intellectual capital and stability of Earnings are a significant relationship. 2- Between human capital and stability of Earnings is a significant relationship. 3- Between structural capital and stability of Earnings is a significant relationship. The variable of this study is variable is C, HCE, SCE, CEE, SIZE. The results of testing these hypotheses indicate that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and stability of earnings in the studied enterprises and the firm size also has a moderator effect on the relationship between the two. Therefore, the role and importance of intellectual capital is more marked while accessing the sustainable profitability. Finally, it may be suggested that with the numerous indicators of earnings quality, future researchers can examine the relationship between intellectual capital and these indicators. Also, since in the present research the focus was mainly on the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance, and little was investigated about the methods of measuring intellectual capital, it is recommended to the future researchers to take this important issue into their close considerations

The study of the effect of relationship between value added economic, operating cash flow, and the stock market value of pharmaceutical companies

Financial statements based on generally apply to judgments and methods of computation are about different aspects related items. In this study, indices of Value Added Economic (EVA) were compared mutually in relation with stocks market value of the companies. In order to perform this research pharmaceutical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected and 30 companies were chosen as instances. Data analysis is done using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient and finally model test. Results showed that the mean stocks market value 1.9  and Value Added Economic is 0.16. Correlation coefficient between Value Added Economic (42%)  and variables of stocks market value 53)%)  is positive and significant at the level of 1%. results showed that the Value Added Economic is a major index in perdict of stocks market value in pharmaceutical companies

The study of the effect of green marketing on supply chain management

In recent decades, green marketing and green supply chain have attracted the attention of many researchers and scholars. However, there is no comprehensive framework about the way of creating green industrial trademarks and brands for industrial companies. The subject, whether it is possible to integrate sustainable green supply chain with green industrial marketing for creating greener industrial trademarks and organizations or not, has remained unclear. Furthermore, a few important factors  related to developing a new green industrial product or the way of accepting new green industrialized products have been identified by organizations. In addition, we have limited information on whether green supply chain can result in the development of a new green industrial product or not. If so, how? The objective of this research is to reflect recent improvements in green industrial marketing, sustainable/green supply chain and its reaction in making green industrial brands and for future researches. The researcher hopes to offer an insight on the effects of sustainable green supply chain on marketing theory and industrial markets and B2B

The study of the effect of relationship between value added economic, operating cash flow, and the stock market value of pharmaceutical companies

Financial statements based on generally apply to judgments and methods of computation are about different aspects related items. In this study, indices of Value Added Economic (EVA) were compared mutually in relation with stocks market value of the companies. In order to perform this research pharmaceutical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected and 30 companies were chosen as instances. Data analysis is done using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient and finally model test. Results showed that the mean stocks market value 1.9  and Value Added Economic is 0.16. Correlation coefficient between Value Added Economic (42%)  and variables of stocks market value 53)%)  is positive and significant at the level of 1%. results showed that the Value Added Economic is a major index in perdict of stocks market value in pharmaceutical companies

The study of the effect of green marketing on supply chain management

In recent decades, green marketing and green supply chain have attracted the attention of many researchers and scholars. However, there is no comprehensive framework about the way of creating green industrial trademarks and brands for industrial companies. The subject, whether it is possible to integrate sustainable green supply chain with green industrial marketing for creating greener industrial trademarks and organizations or not, has remained unclear. Furthermore, a few important factors  related to developing a new green industrial product or the way of accepting new green industrialized products have been identified by organizations. In addition, we have limited information on whether green supply chain can result in the development of a new green industrial product or not. If so, how? The objective of this research is to reflect recent improvements in green industrial marketing, sustainable/green supply chain and its reaction in making green industrial brands and for future researches. The researcher hopes to offer an insight on the effects of sustainable green supply chain on marketing theory and industrial markets and B2B

The study of the effect of green marketing on supply chain management

In recent decades, green marketing and green supply chain have attracted the attention of many researchers and scholars. However, there is no comprehensive framework about the way of creating green industrial trademarks and brands for industrial companies. The subject, whether it is possible to integrate sustainable green supply chain with green industrial marketing for creating greener industrial trademarks and organizations or not, has remained unclear. Furthermore, a few important factors  related to developing a new green industrial product or the way of accepting new green industrialized products have been identified by organizations. In addition, we have limited information on whether green supply chain can result in the development of a new green industrial product or not. If so, how? The objective of this research is to reflect recent improvements in green industrial marketing, sustainable/green supply chain and its reaction in making green industrial brands and for future researches. The researcher hopes to offer an insight on the effects of sustainable green supply chain on marketing theory and industrial markets and B2B