A relação entre a psicopatologia e a droga do tabaco, o álcool e as drogas nos adolescentes varones da cidade Ahvaz

The prevalence of abusing cigarette, alcohol, and drugs have changed to the social matters among teenagers and youth of Iran and has made deep concerns in various managerial, academic, and public levels of society. In studies, the mean age of starting cigarette in Iran is 6.16 years old and the highest ratio of addicts of state (7.45%) started abusing drug since the age of 17-22 years old. Therefore, one of the most significant preventive approaches is the identification of the risk factors in the risk populations. Therefore, the main objective of this research is comparison the cigarette, alcohol, and drug abuse in boy teenagers with and without drug abuse background. The methodology of this research was case- control study and analytical which was conducted on the boy teenagers who abuse cigarette, alcohol, and drugs and dwelled in correction and rehabilitation center of Ahvaz and non-abusing teenagers. Data was collected using demographic information form and standard inventory including global appraisal of individual needs- short screener (GAIN-SS), youth self-report scale (YSR) of children behavioral problems, and strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) of self-reporting study of children and teenagers. The findings of this study were analyzed using SPSS software. There is a significant relationship between hyperactivity problems with a defect in attention and behavior disorders in teenagers with drug abuse. Result of this research showed the relationship between mental disorders background in the child involved in abusing smoking, alcohol, and drugs.La prevalencia del abuso del cigarrillo, el alcohol y las drogas ha cambiado a los asuntos sociales entre los adolescentes y jóvenes de Irán y ha causado profundas preocupaciones en diversos niveles administrativos, académicos y públicos de la sociedad. En los estudios, la edad media de inicio del cigarrillo en Irán es de 6,16 años y la proporción más alta de adictos de estado (7,45%) para el inicio del abuso de drogas se da desde los 17 a 22 años de edad. Por lo tanto, uno de los enfoques preventivos más importantes es la identificación de los factores de riesgo en las poblaciones de riesgo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es comparar el consumo de cigarrillos, alcohol y drogas en adolescentes varones con y sin antecedentes de abuso de drogas. La metodología de esta investigación fue un estudio de casos y controles analítico que se llevó a cabo en adolescentes varones que abusan del cigarrillo, el alcohol y las drogas que vivían en el centro de corrección y rehabilitación de Ahvaz y adolescentes que no abusan. Los datos se recogieron utilizando información demográfica e inventario estándar, incluida la evaluación global de las necesidades individuales: evaluación breve (GAIN-SS), escala de autoinforme de jóvenes (YSR) de problemas de conducta infantil y cuestionario de fuerza y dificultades (SDQ) de autoinformación estudio de niños y adolescentes. Los hallazgos de este estudio fueron analizados utilizando el software SPSS. Existe una relación significativa entre los problemas de hiperactividad con un defecto en los trastornos de atención y conducta en adolescentes con abuso de drogas. El resultado de esta investigación mostró la relación entre los antecedentes de trastornos mentales en el niño involucrado en el abuso de tabaco, alcohol y drogas. A prevalência do abuso de cigarro, álcool e drogas mudou as questões sociais entre os adolescentes e jovens do Irã e causou profundas preocupações em vários níveis administrativos, acadêmicos e públicos da sociedade. Em estudos, a idade média de início de cigarro no Irã é 6,16 anos e a maior proporção de Estado viciados (7,45%) para o início do abuso de drogas ocorre de 17 a 22 anos idade Portanto, uma das abordagens preventivas mais importantes é a identificação de fatores de risco em populações de risco. Portanto, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa é comparar o consumo de cigarros, álcool e drogas em adolescentes do sexo masculino com e sem histórico de abuso de drogas. A metodologia desta pesquisa foi um estudo analítico caso-controle que foi realizado em adolescentes do sexo masculino que abusam de cigarros, álcool e drogas que residiam no centro de correção e reabilitação de Ahvaz e adolescentes que não abusam. Os dados foram coletados por meio de informações demográficas e de inventário padrão, incluindo avaliação global das necessidades individuais: breve avaliação (GAIN-SS), a juventude escala de auto-relato (YSR) de problemas de comportamento da criança e questionário força e dificuldades (SDQ) de estudo de auto-informação de crianças e adolescentes. Os achados deste estudo foram analisados utilizando o software SPSS. Existe uma relação significativa entre problemas de hiperatividade e um defeito nos transtornos de atenção e comportamento em adolescentes com abuso de drogas. O resultado desta investigação mostrou a relação entre a história de transtornos mentais na criança envolvida no abuso de tabaco, álcool e drogas

An epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders in Iran

BACKGROUND: The nation-wide epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders in term of lifetime prevalence is not adequately known in Iran. The prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders was estimated among the population of aged 18 and over on gender, age group, educational level, occupational status, marital status, and residential area. METHODS: The subjects were 25,180 individuals selected through a clustered random sampling method. The psychiatric disorders were diagnosed on the bases of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. It is the first study in which the structured psychiatric interview administered to a representative sample of the Iranian population age 18 and over by the 250 trained clinical psychologist interviewers. The data was entered through EPI-Info software twice in an attempt to prevent any errors and SPSS-11 statistical software was also used for analyses. The odds ratios and their confidence intervals estimated by using logistic regression. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 10.81%. It was more common among females than males (14.34% vs. 7.34%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders were 8.35% and 4.29% respectively. The prevalence of psychotic disorders was 0.89%; neuro-cognitive disorders, 2.78% and dissociative disorders, 0.77%. Among mood disorders, major depressive disorder (2.98%) and among anxiety disorders, phobic disorder (2.05%) had the higher prevalence. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among divorced and separated 22.31%; residents of urban areas 11.77%; illiterates 13.80%; householders 15.48%; unemployed 12.33% that were more than other groups. CONCLUSION: The mental health pattern in Iran is similar to the western countries, but it seems that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iran may be lower than these countries. It is estimated that at least about 7 millions of Iranian population suffer from one or more of the psychiatric disorders. It shows the importance of the role of the psychiatric disorders in providing preventive and management programs in Iran

Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Iran

BACKGROUND: Estimates of the annual prevalence for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were consistent across the international sites range, 1.9% – 2.5%. The nine population surveys, which used Diagnostic Interview Schedule, estimated a six-month prevalence of OCD ranging from 0.7% to 2.1%. This study performed in order to determine the prevalence of OCD in a population-based study among Iranian adults aged 18 and older and to study the association of them with factors such as sex, marital status, education, type of occupation and residential area. METHODS: A cross-sectional nationwide epidemiological study of the Iranian population aged 18 and older was designed to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their association with the above mentioned factors. 25180 individuals were selected and interviewed through a randomized systematic and cluster sampling method from all Iranian households. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria were used in diagnosis of OCD. 250 clinical psychologists interviewed the selected subjects face to face at their homes. RESULTS: The prevalence of OCD in Iran is 1.8% (0.7% and 2.8% in males and females; respectively). 50.3% of the survey sample were men, 49.9% women, 29.1% single, 67.45% married, 0.4% separated or divorced, 2.5% widow/widower and 4% undetermined. All of the above-mentioned factors were examined in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Although the data did not fit the models well, but in univariate models, sex, the category "single" of marital status, age, the categories "business" and "housewife" and residential areas showed significant effect adjusting for the factors, but the models didn't fit the data properly. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the prevalence of OCD is not rare in the community of Iran and is within the range of other countries. Similar to prior studies in other communities, OCD is more common in females than males