Atrial septal aneurysm in adult patients: spectrum of clinical, echocardiographic presentation and to propose a new classification on the basis of trans-thoracic-two-dimensional echocardiography

An atrial septal aneurysm is a rare but well recognized cardiac abnormality of uncertain clinical relevance. ASA is definitively associated with congenital and acquired heart diseases but also can be presented as an isolated and totally asymptomatic entity. On the basis of our TTE finding we are proposing a new classification of ASA. We have classified ASA in to two major types: (A) Localized, and (B) Generalized. Both major types are further Sub-classified into 5 possible types on the basis of movements of ASA. New classification of ASA is as follows (1) A/B Type 1R: if the bulging is in the RA only (2) A/B  Type 2L: if the bulging is in the LA only (3) A / B  Type 3RL : if the major excursion bulges to the RA and lesser excursion bulges toward LA (4) A/B Type 4LR: if the maximal excursion of the atrial septal aneurysm is toward the LA with a lesser excursion toward the RA (5) A / B Type 5: if the atrial septal aneurysm movement is bidirectional and equidistant to both atria during the cardiorespiratory cycle. We found higher prevalence (2.24%) of ASA. A/B Type 2L and A/B Type 4LR were most common types. All type of ASA had particular clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. Mobile ASA and ASA with >10 mm excursion are associated with a higher risk of stroke

Stacked Hybridization to Enhance the Performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for Prediction of Water Quality Index in the Bagh River Basin, India

Data availability statement: The data pertaining to this study have not been deposited in a publicly accessible repository, given that all relevant data are thoroughly detailed in the article or appropriately cited in the manuscript.Water quality assessment is paramount for environmental monitoring and resource management, particularly in regions experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study introduces Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and its hybrid machine learning models, namely ANN-RF (Random Forest), ANN-SVM (Support Vector Machine), ANN-RSS (Random Subspace), ANN-M5P (M5 Pruned), and ANN-AR (Additive Regression) for water quality assessment in the rapidly urbanizing and industrializing Bagh River Basin, India. The Relief algorithm was employed to select the most influential water quality input parameters, including Nitrate (NO3-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sulphate (SO42-), Calcium (Ca2+), and Potassium (K+). The comparative analysis of developed ANN and its hybrid models was carried out using statistical indicators (i.e., Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Root Square Error (RRSE), Relative Absolute Error (RAE), and Mean Bias Error (MBE) and graphical representations (i.e., Taylor diagram). Results indicate that the integration of support vector machine (SVM) with ANN significantly improves performance, yielding impressive statistical indicators: NSE (0.879), R2 (0.904), MAE (22.349), and MBE (12.548). The methodology outlined in this study can serve as a template for enhancing the predictive capabilities of ANN models in various other environmental and ecological applications, contributing to sustainable development and safeguarding natural resources.No funding was received for conducting this study

Methodology to map spatial variability of available nutrients in area of intensively growing potato (Solanum tuberosum) using remote sensing and GIS

A methodology is developed for mapping spatial variability of available nutrients of soils of a pocket growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop using GIS. For this purpose potato growing pockets of the Jalandhar district were demarcated based on the available information, ground truth and classification of the IRS P6 AWiFS image. The classified potato area in the image was taken as background to generate the sampling site map and representative soil samples of potato fields from these sites were collected along with geographical coordinates using GPS receiver(ETREX-VISTA, Garmin). Values of different parameters (like pH, OC, available P and K and micronutrients) were tagged with corresponding points and interpolation maps for each individual parameters were prepared using suitable semivariogram and kriging in remote sensing GIS software. These prepared maps were further classified giving suitable ranges of different soil parameters

Breeding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Formulation and evaluation of aceclofenac fast dissolving tablets

Abstract The present investigation deals with development of fast dissolving tablets of aceclofenac to produce the intended benefits. Fast dissolving tablets of aceclofenac were prepared using superdisintegrants crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate and surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate, using the direct compression method. The tablets prepared were evaluated for thickness, uniformity of weight, hardness, friab ility, wetting time, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution time. The tablets disintegrated within 18 to 49 seconds. Almost 90% of drug was released from all formulat ions within 15 min. Stability studies of the tablets at 40±2°/75%±5% RH for 3 months showed non significant drug loss. The formulation containing 6% of croscarmellose sodium was found to give the best results. Apart from fulfilling all official and other specifications, the tablets exhib ited higher rate of release

Not Available

Not AvailablePotato ResearchNot Availabl

Quantification of contribution of PSB in reducing the requirement of P fertilizer in potato production in mid hill of Himachal Predesh

Application of 100 kg P2O5/ha (100% dose of recommended P) along with PSB inoculation gave highest tuber yield (216 q/ha) which was statistically at par with 100% P (206 q/ha). Application 100% P was statistically was at par with 75% P + PSB (203 q/ha). Higher mean of yield, phosphorus uptake, phosphorus use efficiency and apparent nutrient recovery were observed with seed inoculation with PSB as compare to without PSB. The results of this study indicated the beneficial effects of PSB inoculation on tuber yield and 11 to 18% of recommended dose of P can be saved with the seed inoculation by PSB

Investigating the thermal stability of ultra-small Ag, Au and AuAg alloy nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix

Thermal growth kinetics of embedded bimetallic (AuAg/SiO$_2$) nanoparticles are explored and compared with their monometallic (Au/SiO$_2$ and Ag/SiO$_2$) counterparts, as their practical applicability demands stability and uniformity. The plasmonic properties of these nanoparticles (NPs) significantly improve when their size falls in the ultra-small region (diameter < 10 nm), owing to their large active surface area. Interestingly, the bimetallic NPs exhibit better optical properties and structural stability as compared to their monometallic counterparts. This calls for a thorough understanding of the nucleation and temperature-dependent growth to ensure size stability against thermal coarsening that most bimetallic NPs completely lack. Herein, the atom beam sputtered AuAg NPs are systematically analysed over a wide range of annealing temperatures (ATs), and the results are compared with those of Au and Ag NPs. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra and other experimental results confirm the formation of AuAg alloy NPs inside the silica matrix. Furthermore, techniques like transmission electron microscopy and grazing-incidence small-/wide-angle X-ray scattering were used to explore the temperature-dependent structural and morphological stability of the NPs. Our results show that the deposited AuAg NPs retain their spherical shape and remain as an alloy for the entire range of ATs. When the AT increases from 25 °C to 800 °C, the size of the NPs also increases from 3.5 to 4.8 nm; beyond that, their size grows substantially to 13.6 nm at 900 °C. We observed that the NPs remain in the ultra-small size range (∼5 nm) until an AT of 800 °C. Beyond that Ostwald ripening is ascribed to be the major cause of particle growth, resulting in an active surface area loss. Based on the outcomes, a three-step nucleation and growth mechanism is proposed

Not Available

Not AvailableField experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 at Central Potato Research Institute on brown hill soils of Shimla to investigate the role of microorganisminoculation in fertilizer economy in potatoradish crop sequence. Different doses of inorganic fertilizers along with FYM and microorganisms inoculation showed significant effect on growth attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of potato as well as yield and nutrients uptake by radish. Application of FYM @ 5 t/ha along with microorganisms inoculation helped in early emergence. Combined application of 50% recommended dose of NPK through fertilizers along with tuber inoculation with microorganisms and 5 t/ha FYM proved to be more effective in terms of growth attributes, tuber yield, nutrients uptake and recoveries. Radish yield also showed similar trend with respect to different treatments and highest value was recorded under 50% recommended dose of NPK through fertilizers along with tuber inoculation with microorganisms and 5 t/ha FYM. This treatment was statistically at par with recommended doses of NPK. Therefore, use of microbial inoculants along with FYM can save half of fertilizer NPK in the north western hill region.Not Availabl