73 research outputs found
Post-emergence herbicides efficacy for weed managment in kharif maize
Not AvailableThe escalating labour prices have significantly increased the production cost of kharif maize in India. To addressthis, a field experiment was conducted (2017) to evaluate the efficacy of post-emergence herbicide in kharif maize(Zea mays L.) at ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi. The tank-mix post-emergenceherbicide application, viz. tembotrione (120 g/ha) or topramezone (25.2 g/ha) at 15 DAS with 75% atrazine (750 g/ha) or as a sequential application at 25 DAS after pre-emergence (PE) 75% atrazine gave significant weed control inkharif maize by reducing density and dry weight. Significantly higher weed-control efficiency, weed-control index,herbicide efficiency index and lower weed persistence index were found in weed-free check, which was at par withPE atrazine (1000 g/ha) followed by hand weeding at 25 DAS and the post-emergence herbicide application oftembotrione (120 g/ha) /topramezone (25.2 g/ha) as tank-mix with 75% atrazine dose as early post-emergence at 15DAS or as the sequential application of these combinations. Significantly lowest weed index was observed in thesequential application of tembotrione/topramezone at 25 DAS after 75% atrazine dose as PE while the highest weedindex (49.3) with alone halosulfuron application. It was concluded that the application of post-emergence herbicide,viz. tembotrione (120 g/ha) /topramezone (25.2 g/ha) as tank-mix at 15 DAS with 75% dose of atrazine (750 g/ha)or as a sequential application at 25 DAS after 75% atrazine as PE found promising for better weed control and grainyield in kharif maize.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableGiven the increasing scarcity of production resources such
as water, energy and labour coupled with growing climatic
risks, maize-based production systems could be potential alternatives
to intensive rice-wheat (RW) cropping system of
north western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Adoption of conservation
agriculture (CA) in maize based systems is widely
promoted for minimizing soil degradation and ensuring
sustainability under changing climate. Alternative tillage management
practices are important strategies for tackling the issues
of soil health deterioration, lower profit margins particularly
in cereal based intensive crop rotations. We hypothesized that improved agricultural practices suited to production systems
and agro-ecologies, such as zero tillage (ZT) and permanent
beds (PB) may result in improving crop productivity and
positive changes in soil health indicators. Therefore, a longterm
study was initiated to assess the effect of three tillage and
crop establishment practices [zero tillage, ZT; permanent
beds, PB; and conventional tillage, CT] on crop productivity,
soil and environmental health under four diversified cropping
systems i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean (MWMb), maizechickpea-
sesbania (MCS), maize-mustard-mungbean
(MMuMb) and maize-maize-sesbania (MMS) continuous maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)- mungbean
(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in a sandy loam soil (Typic
Haplustept) of north-western Indo- Gangetic plains of India.
In long-term, across the soil depths, soil organic carbon
(SOC) content, its pools and mineral-N fractions were significantly
affected by different tillage & crop establishment methods
and diversified maize based cropping systems. CA based
ZT and PB practices significantly increased the SOC stock (0-
30 cm depth) as compared to initial status. Several researchers
also reported that SOC and mineral-N fraction contents in
the top 30 cm soil depth are correlated with N2O-N emission.
In our study, global warming potential (GWP) under CT system
was higher by compared to CA-based ZT and PB, respectively.
This might be due to that the several soil and environmental
factors influence soil N2O emission and are controlled
by a variety of management practices such as type of fertilizers
(Albanito et al., 2017), fertilizer application method and
time (Tenuta et al., 2015), crop type (Albanito et al., 2017),
and tillage practice (Parihar et al., 2018). In current study, the
lower N2O emission in ZT and PB can be attributed to increased
oxygen diffusion rate into the soil promoting aerobic condition thereby reducing denitrification-led N2O emission.
The results of our study suggest that CA and diversified crop
rotations should be promoted in north-western IGP and other
similar agro-ecologies across the globe for improving crop
productivity, soil health restoration and climate change mitigation.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableGiven the increasing scarcity of production resources such as water, energy and labor compounded by growing climatic risks – maize based production systems in north - western India are potential alternatives to intensive rice - wheat (RW) rotation. Conservation agriculture (CA) based best - bet crop management practices may increase crop productivity, while conserving and sustaining natural resources. Such practices are also believed to provide
mitigation co - benefits through reduced GHG emission and increased soil carbon sequestration.
In a nine - year study of conservation agriculture experiment established in 2008, we have
evaluated the performance of CA - based management practices [zero tilled permanent bed (PB) and zero tillage flat (ZT)] and conventional till flat (CT) in main plots for four intensified irrigated maize systems [maize - wheat - mungbean (MWMb), maize - chickpea - Sesbania green manure (MCS), maize - mustard - mungbean (MMuMb) and maize - maize - Sesbania (MMS)] in sub plots. The experimental design was split - plot with three replications. Significant (P<0.05) tillage and cropping system interactions were observed for cropping system productivity and carbon dynamics. Agronomic performance (yield attributes) of all the crops (except wheat) grown in sequence with maize was maximum with ZT. Wheat outperformed on PB over ZT and CT. In the initial two years, higher system productivity (maize equivalent yield) was recorded in PB (8.2 - 8.5 Mg ha - 1). The soil organic carbon (SOC) content and its fractions were greatly affected by tillage, and crop establishment methods and cropping systems. The ZT and PB based crop establishment methods increased more SOC stock (0−30 cm) than CT system compared to initial value.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableTopramezone, halosulfuron and tembotrione are the selective, post-emergence herbicides that have
been recently introduced for use in maize. These provide an easy option for herbicidal-based weed
management in maize especially late in the season which is the critical period of crop-weed competition.
The experiment was conducted to understand the effect of post-emergence herbicides on weed
dynamics and crop growth of maize as well as the effect of post-emergence herbicide application on
yield and economics of maize. The treatments were T1:Weedy check, T2: Weed free check, T3: Atrazine
1000 g/ha (PE) fb hand weeding at 25 DAS, T4: Topramezone 30 g/ha at 25 DAS, T5: Halosulfuron 75 g/ha
at 25 DAS , T6: Tembotrione150 g/ha at 25 DAS, T7: Topramezone 25.2 g/ha + atrazine 750 g/ha at 15 DAS
,T8: Halosulfuron 67.5 g/ha + atrazine 750 g/ha at 15DAS, T9: Tembotrione 120 g/ha + atrazine 750 g/ha
at 15 DAS, T10: Atrazine 750 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 25.2 g/ha at 25 DAS, T11: Atrazine 750 g/ha (PE) fb
halosulfuron 67.5 g/ha at 25 DAS, T12: Atrazine 750 g/ha (PE) fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 25 DAS. It was
concluded that the application of post emergence herbicide viz., tembotrione (120 g/ha)/topramezone
(25.2 g/ha) as tank-mix as early post-emergence at 15 DAS with 75% recommended dose of the atrazine
(750 g/ha) or as sequential application at 25 DAS after 75% atrazine as PE may be adopted for better weed
control, higher yield and net return in kharif maize.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableThe maize-wheat-mungbean (MWMb) cropping system is
being advocated as an alternative to the traditional rice-based
cropping systems of north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains
(IGP) to address the issues of energy and nutritional scarcity,
residue burning, decline in biomass productivity and water
tables. In semi-arid regions, the climate-change-induced variability
in rainfall and temperature may have an impact on phenological
responses of cereals and pulses which in turn would
affect biomass production, economic yield and energy and
water-use efficiency (WUE) of the crops. Henceforth, quantification
of bioequivalent yields, energy requirement, economics
and WUE of MWMb system is essentially required
owing to have better understanding of this cropping system.
Following a 5-year study was conducted under different tillage,
crop establishment methods and balanced nutrient management
practices showed that MWMb system productivity
was recorded highest in zero till permanent (PB) plots and lowest in conventional tilled (CT) plots. PB and ZT plots registered
18.3% and 22.3% higher 5-year pooled MEY compared
to CT-Control, respectively. Similar to tillage effects the
nutrient management effect on MEY of MWMb rotation was
also significant (P< 0.05) for all the 5-years where significantly
higher yield was obtained in site specific nutrient management
(SSNM) plots compared to other nutrient management
plots. Tillage and nutrient management practices also
had significant (P<0.05) effect on MWMb system pooled
average water use efficiency and economics in 5-years of
study. The year-wise cost of cultivation for different crops in
MWMb system was almost similar in PB and ZT but was
lower than CT plots. PB and ZT plots registered maximum
MWMb system pooled average WUE (1.019 -1.131 US 1819-1891/ha) and benefit
cost ratio (1.68-1.73), respectively. Similar to tillage effects,
the nutrient management also significantly (P<0.05) affected the MWMb system pooled average WUE and economics.
Significant (P<0.05) increase in MWMb WUE and economics
was recorded in SSNM and RDF for pooled average system
WUE (30-35%), net returns (31-38%), and BC ratio (31-
32%), compared to FFP treatments, respectively. However,
SSNM and RDF nutrient management treatments remained statistically at par with respect to system WUE, net returns
and BC ratio. Thus, adoption of conservation tillage (ZT/PB)
practices with improved balanced nutrient management
(SSNM/RDF) could be a viable option for achieving higher
biomass productivity, water and energy-use efficiency and
profitability in MWMb system.Not Availabl
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