Jat S.L.

Parihar C.M.

Singh, A.K.

KRISHI Publications and Data Repository

Nitrogen sources with and without residue management influences crop yields, water-use andeconomics in maize systems under conservation agricultureShankar Lal Jat*1, C.M. Parihar2 and A.K. Singh31ICAR-Indian Institute oif Maize Research, Delhi Unit, New Delhi; 2ICAR-Indian AgriculturalResearch Institute, New Delhi 110012, India,; 3ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana141004, India *Presenter e-mail:sliari@gmail.comAbstractSustainability of crop production is under threat in the present scenario of climate-change coupled withresource degradation, water shortage, energy and labour, growing production cost. Full conservationagriculture based crop production technologies may furnish more yield, reduce the water need andenhance profit margin from farming, without hampering the sustainability of natural resources. Maizebeing predominantly a rainfed crop has multiple challenges for sustaining its yields in limited moistureconditions. From an on-going long term study established since 2012, we assessed the medium term-impact of four different nitrogen management practices [Unfertilized, N through Prilled urea (PU), Nthrough Sulphur coated urea (SCU) and N through Neem coated urea (NCU)] for maize systems inresidue retained permanent bed (PB+R) vs. residue removed permanent bed (PB-R). Results showedthat, the maize yields under full CA based PB+R were statistically similar in first, years of study,whereas during subsequent years, yields were significantly (P<0.05) higher by 10.1-16.7% under fullCA-based PB+R than in partial CA-based PB-R system. Full CA-based PB+R practices reduced thetotal water requirement of maize with improved water productivity by 9.4-27.6% compared to partial CA(PB-R) plots. Economic profit for maize (from 2nd year onward) were significantly (P<0.05) higher inPB+R than in PB-R system. The radiation conversion efficiency (RCE) of maize and mungbean wascomparable in PB+R and PB-R systems in almost all the years (except in fourth year). Among Nmanagement practices, neem coated urea (NCU) and sulphur coated urea (SCU) significantly improvedthe crops yield, water productivity and system profitability in all the residue applied plots compared toun-fertilized plots. Thus, the study supports and recommends that the full CA-based maize system withefficient N management through slow release coated fertilizers (NCU/SCU) is one of the pathways forenhancing productivity, resource-use efficiency, farm profitability and food security.Keywords: nitrogen management, maize, residue, water productivity13th International Conference on Development of DrylandsConverting Dryland Areas from Grey into GreenFebruary 11-14, 2019 CAZRI, Jodhpur, India.Theme: Soil Health Management, Carbon Sequestration and Conservation Agriculture

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