141 research outputs found
The role of NMDA receptor‐dependent activity of noradrenergic neurons in attention, impulsivity and exploratory behaviors
Potential anxiolytic, but not antidepressant, activity of new 7-arylpiperazinylbutyl-8-morpholinyl-purine-2,6-dione analogs in mice
Metabolic control level and glucose variability in adolescents with type 1 diabetes during low and high-intensity exercise
OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this study was to characterize the determinants of metabolic changes in young type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and to determine glycemic variability during low and high-intensity exercise.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
20 young male T1DM patients were divided into two subgroups characterized by levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): HbA1c7.3% (worse HbA1c subgroup, n=10). All participants performed a maximal oxygen uptake test and two efforts of various intensities (45 minutes of aerobic exercise and 30 minutes of mixed aerobic-anaerobic intensity exercise). Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) were used to control the glucose concentration.
RESULTS
Changes in biomarkers describing the metabolic response were similar in both groups. A comparison of applied efforts exhibited that maximal capacity effort resulted in the highest values of blood glucose (BG) at the end (150.9-160.6 mg/dl) and 1 hour after the exercise (140.2-161.3 mg/dl). BG concentration before, during, 1 hour, and 24 hours after each exercise was insignificantly higher in the worse Hb1Ac group.
CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c levels are insufficient to confirm whether the applied effort is performed in acceptable glycemic values. The CGM monitors allow for precise control of BG variations and accurate planning of physical activity by adjusting the insulin and carbohydrate consumption dose
Carotid intima media thickness and blood biomarkers of atherosclerosis in patients after stroke or myocardial infarction
Aim To test if circulating levels of markers of inflammation,
endothelial function, and chronic infections, as well as association
between these markers and carotid intima media
thickness (CIMT), depend on the stage of atherosclerosis
expressed as a history of a major vascular event.
Methods The associations were analyzed separately in 75
healthy controls, 79 patients 3-6 months after the first-ever
non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (IS), and 37 patients 3-6
months after the first-ever myocardial infarction (MI). Data
were collected prospectively in 2005. We measured high
sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin, E-selectin,
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), serum
level of immune complexes (IC), and identified antibodies
against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), Cytomegalovirus,
Chlamydia pneumonia, and Helicobacter pylori. Correlations
with CIMT were determined using Pearson R and verified
after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes,
and statin therapy.
Results Median ICAM-1 concentration was significantly
lower in controls than in post-IS patients (188 μg/L vs 215
μg/L), and significantly lower in post-IS patients than in
post-MI patients (215 μg/L vs 260 μg/L). Control patients
also had significantly lower IC level (0.03 U/L) and HSV antibody
index (6.0) compared to both post-IS (0.6 U/L, 9.6)
and post-MI (0.4 U/L, 9.2) patients. CIMT was correlated
with age (Pearson R = 0.38, P = 0.001) in the control group,
immune complexes (R = 0.26, P = 0.023) in the post-IS
group, and with hs-CRP (R = 0.40, P = 0.017) in the post-MI
group. These correlations were confirmed using multiple
regression analysis.
Conclusions Our study supports linear correlations between
CIMT and IC and hs-CRP levels. However, these associations
seem to depend on the type of vascular burden
Dyslipidemia aterogenna w codziennej praktyce — interdyscyplinarny konsensus polskich ekspertów
Dyslipidemia is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in Poland. According to the latest guidelines of Scientific Societies, the primary goal of lipid-lowering therapy is to lower LDL-cholesterol, but we should not underestimate the impact of atherogenic dyslipidemia, defined as elevated levels of triglycerides (TG) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), on the progression of atherosclerosis. High TG and low HDL-C are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events, which can be effectively monitored and treated with statins and fenofibrate. The following consensus statement of Polish experts is an attempt to summarize the latest knowledge in the field of atherogenic dyslipidemia and to develop the recommendations for its treatment.Zaburzenia lipidowe są najbardziej rozpowszechnionym czynnikiem ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego w Polsce. Według najnowszych wytycznych towarzystw naukowych nadrzędnym celem terapii hipolipemizującej jest obniżenie stężenia cholesterolu frakcji LDL, niemniej jednak nie można nie doceniać wpływu, jaki na postęp zmian miażdżycowych w naczyniach tętniczych wywiera aterogenna dyslipidemia, czyli podwyższone stężenie triglicerydów (TG) i lipoprotein o bardzo małej gęstości (VLDL) zawierających TG oraz obniżone stężenie frakcji cholesterolu HDL (HDL-C). Wysokie stężenie TG i niskie stężenie HDL-C są niezależnymi czynnikami ryzyka zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych, które można skutecznie kontrolować i leczyć za pomocą statyn i fenofibratu. Poniższe stanowisko polskich ekspertów wielu dziedzin stanowi próbę podsumowania najnowszej wiedzy w dziedzinie dyslipidemii aterogennej i sformułowanie zaleceń dotyczących jej leczenia
Radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy—to do it or not?
To the objective of this study is to evaluate the role and toxicity of radiotherapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy. In the years 2000–2003, 121 patients with malignant exophthalmos were treated with radiotherapy of the retrobulbar area to the total dose of 20 Gy in ten fractions with a 6 MeV photon beam. The treatment was performed by the team of the Clinic of Oncology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow. The radiotherapy was preceded by intravenous steroid therapy: methylprednisolone acetate administered at the dose of 2 g/week for four consecutive weeks. The highest efficacy, expressed as improvement of all ocular symptoms, was observed for the combined treatment. Female and non-diabetic patients responded positively to the combined treatment. Radiotherapy combined with steroid therapy in the treatment of Graves ophthalmopathy seems to be an effective treatment for strictly defined indications. In the treatment of Graves–Basedow disease, radiotherapy is a well-tolerated treatment modality. Diabetes is a factor that worsens prognosis in Graves ophthalmopathy and female sex is a favourable factor for this condition
The influence of salinity on the effects of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes on polychaetes
Salinity shifts in estuarine and coastal areas are becoming a topic of concern and are one of the main factors influencing nanoparticles behaviour in the environment. For this reason, the impacts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under different seawater salinity conditions were evaluated on the common ragworm Hediste diversicolor, a polychaete species widely used as bioindicator of estuarine environmental quality. An innovative method to assess the presence of MWCNT aggregates in the sediments was used for the first time. Biomarkers approach was used to evaluate the metabolic capacity, oxidative status and neurotoxicity of polychaetes after long-term exposure. The results revealed an alteration of energy-related responses in contaminated polychaetes under both salinity conditions, resulting in an increase of metabolism and expenditure of their energy reserves (lower glycogen and protein contents). Moreover, a concentration-dependent toxicity (higher lipid peroxidation, lower ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione and activation of antioxidant defences and biotransformation mechanisms) was observed in H. diversicolor, especially when exposed to low salinity. Additionally, neurotoxicity was observed by inhibition of Cholinesterases activity in organisms exposed to MWCNTs at both salinities.publishe
Postępowanie w chorobach tarczycy u kobiet w ciąży
The management of thyroid disorders during pregnancy is one of the most frequently disputed problems in modern endocrinology. It is
widely known that thyroid dysfunction may result in subfertility, and, if inadequately treated during pregnancy, may cause obstetrical
complications and influence fetal development.
The 2007 Endocrine Society Practice Guideline endorsed with the participation of the Latino America Thyroid Association, the American
Thyroid Association, the Asia and Oceania Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association, greatly contributed towards uniformity
of the management of thyroid disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. Despite the tremendous progress in knowledge on
the mutual influence of pregnancy and thyroid in health and disease, there are still important areas of uncertainty. There have been at
least a few important studies published in the last 3 years, which influenced the thyroidal care of the expecting mother. It should also be
remembered that guidelines may not always be universally applied in all populations with different ethnical, socio-economical, nutritional
(including iodine intake) background or exposed to different iodine prophylaxis models.
The Task Force for development of guidelines for thyroid dysfunction management in pregnant women was established in 2008. The expert
group has recognized the following tasks: development of the coherent model of the management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant
women, identification of the group of women at risk of thyroid dysfunction, who may require endocrine care in the preconception period,
during pregnancy and postpartum – that is in other words, the development of Polish recommendations for targeted thyroid disorder case
finding during pregnancy, and the development of Polish trimester-specific reference values of thyroid hormones.
Comprehensive Polish guidelines developed by the Task Force are to systematize the management of the thyroid disorders in pregnant
women in Poland.
(Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (4): 362–381)Jednym z aktualnie szeroko dyskutowanych problemów współczesnej endokrynologii jest opieka tyreologiczna nad kobietą ciężarną.
Powszechnie wiadomo, że dysfunkcja tarczycy może być przyczyną zaburzeń płodności, a nieleczona prawidłowo w czasie ciąży zwiększa
ryzyko powikłań położniczych oraz ma wpływ na rozwój płodu.
Opublikowane w 2007 roku wytyczne Towarzystwa Endokrynologicznego (Endocrine Society), opracowane przy współudziale Towarzystwa
Tyreologicznego Ameryki Łacińskiej (LATS), Towarzystwa Tyreologicznego Azji i Oceanii (AOTA), Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa
Tyreologicznego (ATA) oraz Europejskiego Towarzystwa Tyreologicznego (ETA), w dużym stopniu usystematyzowały zasady postępowania
w chorobach tarczycy w czasie ciąży i w okresie poporodowym. Pomimo ogromnego postępu wiedzy na temat wzajemnego wpływu
ciąży i funkcji gruczołu tarczowego w zdrowiu i chorobie, jaki osiągnięto w ciągu ostatnich kilkunastu lat, nadal pewne obszary wymagają
dalszych badań. W ciągu 3 lat, które minęły od publikacji wytycznych, przybyło danych, które wpłynęły na niektóre zasady prowadzenia
ciężarnej z chorobą tarczycy. Wytyczne nie zawsze mają charakter uniwersalny i nie mogą być w prosty sposób transponowane na społeczeństwa
zróżnicowane etnicznie i ekonomicznie, o odmiennych zwyczajach dietetycznych, w tym w spożyciu nośników jodu, oraz
stosujące odmienne modele profilaktyki jodowej.
W 2008 roku powołano Zespół Ekspertów do spraw Opieki Tyreologicznej w Ciąży. Za cele prac Zespołu przyjęto: opracowanie modelu
opieki nad ciężarną z zaburzeniami funkcji tarczycy, określenie grupy kobiet z ryzykiem zaburzeń funkcji tarczycy wymagających oceny
tyreologicznej podczas planowania ciąży, w trakcie jej trwania oraz w okresie poporodowym — czyli przygotowanie polskich wskazań
do badań przesiewowych oraz ustalenie wartości referencyjnych stężeń hormonów tarczycy w poszczególnych trymestrach ciąży.
Opracowane przez Zespół wytyczne systematyzują zasady opieki tyreologicznej nad kobietą ciężarną w Polsce.
(Endokrynol Pol 2011; 62 (4): 362–381
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