1,223 research outputs found
Why the idea of framework propositions cannot contribute to an understanding of delusions
One of the tasks that recent philosophy of psychiatry has taken upon itself is to extend the range of understanding to some of those aspects of psychopathology that Jaspers deemed beyond its limits. Given the fundamental difficulties of offering a literal interpretation of the contents of primary delusions, a number of alternative strategies have been put forward including regarding them as abnormal versions of framework propositions described by Wittgenstein in On Certainty. But although framework propositions share some of the apparent epistemic features of primary delusions, their role in partially constituting the sense of inquiry rules out their role in helping to understand delusions
Endo-prosthesis, a femoral head prosthesis and an acetabulum prosthesis
A prosthesis for insertion into a long bone includes a stem which has been shaped so as to evenly distribute low stress to the bone. A synthetic resinous sheath surrounds the stem which effects a contact surface between the stem and the bone. The prosthesis includes an extension which extends outwardly of the bone and has a ball and socket thereon.</p
Existential Communication and Leadership
The aim of this article is to introduce and explain a number of important existentialist philosophers and concepts that we believe can contribute to a critical approach to leadership theory. Emphasis is placed on understanding the nature of communication from an existentialist perspective and so Jaspers' conceptualization of existential communication is introduced along with important related concepts that may be regarded as important facets of leader communication including Being-in-the-world, the Other, intersubjectivity, dialogue and indirect communication. Particular attention is paid to Buber's ideas on communication as relationship and dialogue. Throughout, reference is made to contemporary, and what is often regarded as orthodox, thinking regarding the centrality of communication to leadership practice as a means by which to highlight the salience of an existentialist analysis
The Impact of CPOE Medication Systems’ Design Aspects on Usability, Workflow and Medication Orders
Objectives: To examine the impact of design
aspects of computerized physician order entry
(CPOE) systems for medication ordering on
usability, physicians’ workflow and on medication
orders.
Methods: We systematically searched Pub -
Med, EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE for articles
published from 1986 to 2007. We also evaluated
reference lists of reviews and relevant articles
captured by our search strategy, and the
web-based inventory of evaluation studies in
medical informatics 1982–2005. Data about
design aspects were extracted from the relevant
articles. Identified design aspects were
categorized in groups derived from principles
for computer screen and dialogue design and
user guidance from the International Stan-dard Organization, and if CPOE-specific, from
the collected data.
Results: A total of 19 papers met our inclusion
criteria. Sixteen studies used qualitative
evaluation methods and the rest both qualitative
and quantitative. In total 42 CPOE design
aspects were identified and categorized
in seven groups: 1) documentation and data
entry components, 2) alerting, 3) visual clues
and icons, 4) drop-down lists and menus, 5)
safeguards, 6) screen displays, and 7) auxiliary
functions.
Conclusions: Beside the range of functionalities
provided by a CPOE system, their subtle
design is important to increase physicians’
adoption and to reduce medication errors.
This requires continuous evaluations to investigate
whether interfaces of CPOE systems
follow normal flow of actions in the ordering
process and if they are cognitively easy to
understand and use for physicians. This paper
provides general recommendations for CPOE
(re)design based on the characteristics of
CPOE design aspects found
Method of shaping an endo-prosthesis, a femoral head prosthesis, an acetabulum prosthesis and a method of fixing a femoral head prosthesis in a bone
A prosthesis having stresses acting on the interface between prosthesis and bone is designed by a computerized method in which the shape of the prosthesis is iteratively changed. A femoral head prosthesis is positioned in a bone by means of positioning elements, after which acrylic cement is inserted into the bone
Novel applications for a noninvasive sampling method of the nasal mucosa
Reliable methods for sampling the nasal mucosa provide clinical researchers with key information regarding respiratory biomarkers of exposure and disease. For quick and noninvasive sampling of the nasal mucosa, nasal lavage (NL) collection has been widely used as a clinical tool; however, limitations including volume variability, sample dilution, and storage prevent NL collection from being used in nonlaboratory settings and analysis of low abundance biomarkers. In this study, we optimize and validate a novel methodology using absorbent Leukosorb paper cut to fit the nasal passage to extract epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from the nasal mucosa. The ELF sampling method limits the dilution of soluble mediators, allowing quantification of both high- and low-abundance soluble biomarkers such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and neutrophil elastase. Additionally, we demonstrate that this method can successfully detect the presence of respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus and markers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the nasal mucosa. Efficacy of ELF collection by this method is not diminished in consecutive-day sampling, and percent recovery of both recombinant IL-8 and soluble mediators are not changed despite freezing or room temperature storage for 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF collection using Leukosorb paper sampling of ELF provides a sensitive, easy-to-use, and reproducible methodology to collect concentrated amounts of soluble biomarkers from the nasal mucosa. Moreover, the methodology described herein improves upon the standard NL collection method and provides researchers with a novel tool to assess changes in nasal mucosal host defense status
CPOE System Design Aspects and Their Qualitative Effect on Usability
Although many studies have discussed the benefits of Computerized
Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems, their configuration can have a great impact
on clinicians’ adoption of these systems. Poorly designed CPOE systems can lead
to usability problems, users’ dissatisfaction and may disrupt normal flow of
clinical activities. This paper reports on a literature review focused on the
identification of CPOE medication systems’ design aspects that impact CPOE
systems’ usability and create opportunities for medication errors. Our review is
based on a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE
for relevant publications from 1986-2006. We categorized the design aspects
extracted from relevant publications into six different groups: 1) timing of alerts,
2) log in/out procedures, 3) pick lists and drop down menus, 4) clues and
guidelines, 5) documentation and data entry options, and 6) screen display and
layout. Our review shows that the manner in which a CPOE system is configured
can have a high impact on ease of system use, task behavior of clinicians in
ordering drugs, and medication errors. Characterization of consequences
associated with certain CPOE design aspects provides insight into how CPOE
system designs can be improved to enhance physicians’ adoption of these systems
and their success. Recommendations are provided to enable CPOE system
designers to create CPOE systems that are not only more user friendly and
efficient but safer
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