293 research outputs found
An Upper Limit on the Albedo of HD 209458b: Direct Imaging Photometry with the MOST Satellite
We present space-based photometry of the transiting exoplanetary system HD
209458 obtained with the MOST (Microvariablity and Oscillations of STars)
satellite, spanning 14 days and covering 4 transits and 4 secondary eclipses.
The HD 209458 photometry was obtained in MOST's lower-precision Direct Imaging
mode, which is used for targets in the brightness range . We
describe the photometric reduction techniques for this mode of observing, in
particular the corrections for stray Earthshine. We do not detect the secondary
eclipse in the MOST data, to a limit in depth of 0.053 mmag (1 \sigma). We set
a 1 \sigma upper limit on the planet-star flux ratio of 4.88 x 10^-5
corresponding to a geometric albedo upper limit in the MOST bandpass (400 to
700 nm) of 0.25. The corresponding numbers at the 3 \sigma level are 1.34 x
10^-4 and 0.68 respectively. HD 209458b is half as bright as Jupiter in the
MOST bandpass. This low geometric albedo value is an important constraint for
theoretical models of the HD209458b atmosphere, in particular ruling out the
presence of reflective clouds. A second MOST campaign on HD 209458 is expected
to be sensitive to an exoplanet albedo as low as 0.13 (1 sigma), if the star
does not become more intrinsically variable in the meantime.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal (July 2006, v645n1
A stable quasi-periodic 4.18 d oscillation and mysterious occultations in the 2011 MOST light curve of TWHya
We present an analysis of the 2011 photometric observations of TW Hya by the
MOST satellite; this is the fourth continuous series of this type. The
large-scale light variations are dominated by a strong, quasi-periodic 4.18 d
oscillation with superimposed, apparently chaotic flaring activity; the former
is most likely produced by stellar rotation with one large hot spot created by
a stable accretion funnel in the stable regime of accretion while the latter
may be produced by small hot spots, created at moderate latitudes by unstable
accretion tongues. A new, previously unnoticed feature is a series of
semi-periodic, well defined brightness dips of unknown nature of which 19 were
observed during 43 days of our nearly-continuous observations. Re-analysis of
the 2009 MOST light curve revealed the presence of 3 similar dips. On the basis
of recent theoretical results, we tentatively conclude that the dips may
represent occultations of the small hot spots created by unstable accretion
tongues by hypothetical optically thick clumps.Comment: Printed in MNRA
Photometric variability in FU Ori and Z CMa as observed by MOST
Photometric observations obtained by the MOST satellite were used to
characterize optical small scale variability of the young stars FU Ori and Z
CMa. Wavelet analysis for FU Ori reveals the possible existence of several 2-9
d quasi-periodic features occurring nearly simultaneously; they may be
interpreted as plasma parcels or other localized disc heterogeneities revolving
at different Keplerian radii in the accretion disc. Their periods may shorten
slowly which may be due to spiralling in of individual parcels toward the inner
disc radius, estimated at 4.8+/-0.2 R_sun. Analysis of additional multicolour
data confirms the previously obtained relation between variations in the B-V
colour index and the V magnitude. In contrast to the FU Ori results, the
oscillation spectrum of Z CMa does not reveal any periodicities with the
wavelet spectrum possibly dominated by outburst of the Herbig Be component.Comment: Accepted by MNRA
A search for transits of GJ 581\lowercase{e} and characterization of the host star variability using MOST space telescope photometry
The GJ 581 system has been amply studied since its discovery in 2005: the
number of known planets in the system has increased and their orbital
parameters are among the most precisely determined for radial velocity detected
exoplanets. We have acquired MOST space-based photometry during 2007 and 2009,
with the aims of measuring the stellar variability and searching for transits
of GJ 581e, respectively. We quantify our sensitivity to shallow transit
signals using Monte Carlo simulations, and perform a transit search within the
3 transit windows corresponding to both the circular and Keplerian
orbit ephemerides. Our analysis rules out transits for a planet with an orbital
period of 3.15 days (GJ 581 e) having a radius larger than 1.62
(or a density lower than 2.39 g cm for an orbital inclination of
90) to 2 confidence. Thus, if the planet transits, we can
exclude hydrogen, helium and water theoretical model compositions. The MOST
photometry also allows us to rule out transits of GJ 581b within the Keplerian
orbit-derived transit window for impact parameter values smaller than 0.4
and confirm previous results which exclude transits for this planet within the
circular orbit-derived transit window, for all plausible interior compositions.
We find that the stellar brightness of GJ 581 is stable to within 1%, a
characteristic which is favourable to the development of life in the habitable
zone of the system. In the 2009 photometry, we detect a stellar signal with a
period of 5.586 0.051 days, which is close to the orbital period of GJ
581b (5.37 days). However, further monitoring of the system is necessary to
verify the nature of this variation.Comment: 11 pages, 2 tables, 10 figures; accepted for publication in Ap
Stable and unstable accretion in the classical T Tauri stars IM Lup and RU Lup as observed by MOST
Results of the time variability monitoring of the two classical T Tauri
stars, RU Lup and IM Lup, are presented. Three photometric data sets were
utilised: (1) simultaneous (same field) MOST satellite observations over four
weeks in each of the years 2012 and 2013, (2) multicolour observations at the
SAAO in April - May of 2013, (3) archival V-filter ASAS data for nine seasons,
2001 - 2009. They were augmented by an analysis of high-resolution,
public-domain VLT-UT2 UVES spectra from the years 2000 to 2012. From the MOST
observations, we infer that irregular light variations of RU Lup are caused by
stochastic variability of hot spots induced by unstable accretion. In contrast,
the MOST light curves of IM Lup are fairly regular and modulated with a period
of about 7.19 - 7.58 d, which is in accord with ASAS observations showing a
well defined 7.247+/-0.026 d periodicity. We propose that this is the
rotational period of IM Lup and is due to the changing visibility of two
antipodal hot spots created near the stellar magnetic poles during the stable
process of accretion. Re-analysis of RU Lup high-resolution spectra with the
Broadening Function approach reveals signs of a large polar cold spot, which is
fairly stable over 13 years. As the star rotates, the spot-induced depression
of intensity in the Broadening Function profiles changes cyclically with period
3.71058 d, which was previously found by the spectral cross-correlation method.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by MNRA
Using MOST to reveal the secrets of the mischievous Wolf-Rayet binary CV Ser
The WR binary CV Serpentis (= WR113, WC8d + O8-9IV) has been a source of
mystery since it was shown that its atmospheric eclipses change with time over
decades, in addition to its sporadic dust production. The first high-precision
time-dependent photometric observations obtained with the MOST space telescope
in 2009 show two consecutive eclipses over the 29d orbit, with varying depths.
A subsequent MOST run in 2010 showed a seemingly asymmetric eclipse profile. In
order to help make sense of these observations, parallel optical spectroscopy
was obtained from the Mont Megantic Observatory (2009, 2010) and from the
Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (2009). Assuming these depth variations are
entirely due to electron scattering in a beta-law wind, an unprecedented 62%
increase in mass-loss rate is observed over one orbital period. Alternatively,
no change in mass-loss rate would be required if a relatively small fraction of
the carbon ions in the wind globally recombined and coaggulated to form carbon
dust grains. However, it remains a mystery as to how this could occur. There
also seems to be evidence for the presence of corotating interaction regions
(CIR) in the WR wind: a CIR-like signature is found in the light curves,
implying a potential rotation period for the WR star of 1.6 d. Finally, a new
circular orbit is derived, along with constraints for the wind collision.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 5 table
Highly multiplexed and quantitative cell-surface protein profiling using genetically barcoded antibodies.
Human cells express thousands of different surface proteins that can be used for cell classification, or to distinguish healthy and disease conditions. A method capable of profiling a substantial fraction of the surface proteome simultaneously and inexpensively would enable more accurate and complete classification of cell states. We present a highly multiplexed and quantitative surface proteomic method using genetically barcoded antibodies called phage-antibody next-generation sequencing (PhaNGS). Using 144 preselected antibodies displayed on filamentous phage (Fab-phage) against 44 receptor targets, we assess changes in B cell surface proteins after the development of drug resistance in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in adaptation to oncogene expression in a Myc-inducible Burkitt lymphoma model. We further show PhaNGS can be applied at the single-cell level. Our results reveal that a common set of proteins including FLT3, NCR3LG1, and ROR1 dominate the response to similar oncogenic perturbations in B cells. Linking high-affinity, selective, genetically encoded binders to NGS enables direct and highly multiplexed protein detection, comparable to RNA-sequencing for mRNA. PhaNGS has the potential to profile a substantial fraction of the surface proteome simultaneously and inexpensively to enable more accurate and complete classification of cell states
Southern Ocean GLOBEC moored array and automated weather station data report
Southern Ocean GLOBal ocean ECosystemsAs part of the U.S. Southern Ocean GLOBEC program, moored time series measurements of
temperature, conductivity (salinity), pressure, velocity, and acoustic backscatter were made from
March 2001 to March 2003 in and near Marguerite Bay, located on the Antarctic Peninsula western
shelf. To monitor surface forcing during the moored array observations, two automatic weather
stations (AWSs) were deployed on islands in Marguerite Bay and time series of wind, air temperature,
pressure, and relative humidity were collected from May 2001 through March 2003. This
report describes the individual moorings, their locations and local bathymetry, the instrumentation
used and measurement depths, calibration and data processing steps taken to produce final time
series, and basic plots of the final time series. The AWS data acquisition and processing are also
described and basic plots of the final meteorological time series presented. Directions are given
about how to access the raw and processed moored and AWS data via the SO GLOBEC website
(http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/soglobec/).Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under contract number OPP-99-10092
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