3,098 research outputs found
Load Forecasting Based Distribution System Network Reconfiguration-A Distributed Data-Driven Approach
In this paper, a short-term load forecasting approach based network
reconfiguration is proposed in a parallel manner. Specifically, a support
vector regression (SVR) based short-term load forecasting approach is designed
to provide an accurate load prediction and benefit the network reconfiguration.
Because of the nonconvexity of the three-phase balanced optimal power flow, a
second-order cone program (SOCP) based approach is used to relax the optimal
power flow problem. Then, the alternating direction method of multipliers
(ADMM) is used to compute the optimal power flow in distributed manner.
Considering the limited number of the switches and the increasing computation
capability, the proposed network reconfiguration is solved in a parallel way.
The numerical results demonstrate the feasible and effectiveness of the
proposed approach.Comment: 5 pages, preprint for Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and
Computers 201
Chance-Constrained Day-Ahead Hourly Scheduling in Distribution System Operation
This paper aims to propose a two-step approach for day-ahead hourly
scheduling in a distribution system operation, which contains two operation
costs, the operation cost at substation level and feeder level. In the first
step, the objective is to minimize the electric power purchase from the
day-ahead market with the stochastic optimization. The historical data of
day-ahead hourly electric power consumption is used to provide the forecast
results with the forecasting error, which is presented by a chance constraint
and formulated into a deterministic form by Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In
the second step, the objective is to minimize the system loss. Considering the
nonconvexity of the three-phase balanced AC optimal power flow problem in
distribution systems, the second-order cone program (SOCP) is used to relax the
problem. Then, a distributed optimization approach is built based on the
alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). The results shows that the
validity and effectiveness method.Comment: 5 pages, preprint for Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and
Computers 201
Long-term Periodicities of Cataclysmic Variables with Synoptic Surveys
A systematic study on the long-term periodicities of known Galactic
cataclysmic variables (CVs) was conducted. Among 1580 known CVs, 344 sources
were matched and extracted from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) data
repository. The PTF light curves were combined with the Catalina Real-Time
Transient Survey (CRTS) light curves and analyzed. Ten targets were found to
exhibit long-term periodic variability, which is not frequently observed in the
CV systems. These long-term variations are possibly caused by various
mechanisms, such as the precession of the accretion disk, hierarchical triple
star system, magnetic field change of the companion star, and other possible
mechanisms. We discuss the possible mechanisms in this study. If the long-term
period is less than several tens of days, the disk precession period scenario
is favored. However, the hierarchical triple star system or the variations in
magnetic field strengths are most likely the predominant mechanisms for longer
periods.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures (manuscript form), Accepted for publication in
PAS
Epigenetic suppression of hippocampal calbindin-D28k by ΔFosB drives seizure-related cognitive deficits.
The calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k is critical for hippocampal function and cognition, but its expression is markedly decreased in various neurological disorders associated with epileptiform activity and seizures. In Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and epilepsy, both of which are accompanied by recurrent seizures, the severity of cognitive deficits reflects the degree of calbindin reduction in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). However, despite the importance of calbindin in both neuronal physiology and pathology, the regulatory mechanisms that control its expression in the hippocampus are poorly understood. Here we report an epigenetic mechanism through which seizures chronically suppress hippocampal calbindin expression and impair cognition. We demonstrate that ΔFosB, a highly stable transcription factor, is induced in the hippocampus in mouse models of AD and seizures, in which it binds and triggers histone deacetylation at the promoter of the calbindin gene (Calb1) and downregulates Calb1 transcription. Notably, increasing DG calbindin levels, either by direct virus-mediated expression or inhibition of ΔFosB signaling, improves spatial memory in a mouse model of AD. Moreover, levels of ΔFosB and calbindin expression are inversely related in the DG of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) or AD and correlate with performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We propose that chronic suppression of calbindin by ΔFosB is one mechanism through which intermittent seizures drive persistent cognitive deficits in conditions accompanied by recurrent seizures
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Visualisation of Origins, Destinations and Flows with OD Maps
We present a new technique for the visual exploration of origins (O) and destinations (D) arranged in geographic space. Previous attempts to map the flows between origins and destinations have suffered from problems of occlusion usually requiring some form of generalisation, such as aggregation or flow density estimation before they can be visualized. This can lead to loss of detail or the introduction of arbitrary artefacts in the visual representation. Here, we propose mapping OD vectors as cells rather than lines, comparable with the process of constructing OD matrices, but unlike the OD matrix, we preserve the spatial layout of all origin and destination locations by constructing a gridded two‐level spatial treemap. The result is a set of spatially ordered small multiples upon which any arbitrary geographic data may be projected. Using a hash grid spatial data structure, we explore the characteristics of the technique through a software prototype that allows interactive query and visualisation of 105‐106 simulated and recorded OD vectors. The technique is illustrated using US county to county migration and commuting statistics
Search for precursor eruptions among Type IIb supernovae
The progenitor stars of several Type IIb supernovae (SNe) show indications
for extended hydrogen envelopes. These envelopes might be the outcome of
luminous energetic pre-explosion events, so-called precursor eruptions. We use
the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) pre-explosion observations of a sample of
27 nearby Type IIb SNe to look for such precursors during the final years prior
to the SN explosion. No precursors are found when combining the observations in
15-day bins, and we calculate the absolute-magnitude-dependent upper limit on
the precursor rate. At the 90% confidence level, Type IIb SNe have on average
precursors as bright as absolute -band magnitude in the final
3.5 years before the explosion and events over the final year. In
contrast, precursors among SNe IIn have a times higher rate. The
kinetic energy required to unbind a low-mass stellar envelope is comparable to
the radiated energy of a few-weeks-long precursor which would be detectable for
the closest SNe in our sample. Therefore, mass ejections, if they are common in
such SNe, are radiatively inefficient or have durations longer than months.
Indeed, when using 60-day bins a faint precursor candidate is detected prior to
SN 2012cs (% false-alarm probability). We also report the detection of
the progenitor of SN 2011dh which does not show detectable variability over the
final two years before the explosion. The suggested progenitor of SN 2012P is
still present, and hence is likely a compact star cluster, or an unrelated
object.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
Changing Climate and Overgrazing Are Decimating Mongolian Steppes
Satellite observations identify the Mongolian steppes as a hotspot of global biomass reduction, the extent of which is comparable with tropical rainforest deforestation. To conserve or restore these grasslands, the relative contributions of climate and human activities to degradation need to be understood. Here we use a recently developed 21-year (1988-2008) record of satellite based vegetation optical depth (VOD, a proxy for vegetation water content and aboveground biomass), to show that nearly all steppe grasslands in Mongolia experienced significant decreases in VOD. Approximately 60% of the VOD declines can be directly explained by variations in rainfall and surface temperature. After removing these climate induced influences, a significant decreasing trend still persists in the VOD residuals across regions of Mongolia. Correlations in spatial patterns and temporal trends suggest that a marked increase in goat density with associated grazing pressures and wild fires are the most likely non-climatic factors behind grassland degradation.Funding for this research was through a University of New South Wales International Postgraduate Award and CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country
Flagship Program scholarship. The data used in Figure 3b were supported through the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (project number D-04). The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
An Autism-Linked Mutation Disables Phosphorylation Control of UBE3A
Deletion of UBE3A causes the neurodevelopmental disorder Angelman syndrome (AS) while duplication or triplication of UBE3A is linked to autism. These genetic findings suggest that the ubiquitin ligase activity of UBE3A must be tightly maintained to promote normal brain development. Here, we found that protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates UBE3A in a region outside the catalytic domain, at residue T485, and inhibits UBE3A activity towards itself and other substrates. A de novo autism-linked missense mutation disrupts this phosphorylation site, causing enhanced UBE3A activity in vitro, enhanced substrate turnover in patient-derived cells, and excessive dendritic spine development in the brain. Our study identifies PKA as an upstream regulator of UBE3A activity, and shows that an autism-linked mutation disrupts this phosphorylation control. Moreover, our findings implicate excessive UBE3A activity and the resulting synaptic dysfunction to autism pathogenesis
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