10 research outputs found
Faktori rizika od karcinoma larinksa u Crnoj Gori
Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. There might be many risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Smoking, especially cigarette smoking and alcohol are indisputable risk factors. The authors of this paper assessed the presumed risk factors in order to identify possible aetiological agents of the disease. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. The study group consisted of 108 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 108 hospital controls matched by sex, age (Ā±3 years) and place of residence. Laryngeal cancer patients and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay using a structured questionnaire. According to multiple logistic regression analysis six variables were independently related to laryngeal cancer: hard liquor consumption (Odd Ratio /OR/=2.93, Confidence Interval /CI/ 95 % = 1.17 to 7.31), consumption more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day (OR=4.96, CI 95 % = 2.04 to12.04), cigarette smoking for more than 40 years (OR=4.32, CI 95 % = 1.69 to 11.06), smoking more than 30 cigarettes per day (OR=4.24, CI 95 % = 1.75 to 10.27), coffee consumption more than 5 cups per day (OR=4.52, CI 95 % = 1.01 to 20.12) and carbonated beverage consumption (OR=0.38, CI 95 %= 0.16 to 0.92). The great majority of laryngeal cancers could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.Maligni tumori larinksa najÄeÅ”Äi su tumori glave i vrata. Glavni faktori rizika od razvoja malignih tumora grkljana su puÅ”enje i konzumiranje alkoholnih piÄa. Cilj rada bio je ispitivanje potencijalnih faktora rizika od nastanka malignih tumora larinksa. Sprovedena je studija sluÄaj-kontrola. Studijsku grupu Äinilo je 108 pacijenata s histoloÅ”ki verificiranim rakom larinksa i 108 kontrola individualno izjednaÄenih po spolu, dobi (Ā± 3 godine) i mjestu stanovanja. Svi ispitanici su anketirani ciljanim epidemioloÅ”kim upitnikom a u analizi podataka koriÅ”tena je multivarijantna logistiÄka regresijska analiza. KoristeÄi se multivarijantnom logistiÄkom regresijskom analizom, statistiÄki znaÄajnu povezanost s rakom larinksa dobili smo za sljedeÄe varijable: konzumiranje žestokih piÄa (omjer izgleda /OR/=2.93, interval pouzdanosti /CI/ 95 % = 1.17 do 7.31), konzumiranje viÅ”e od 2 alkoholna piÄa na dan (OR = 4.96, CI 95 % = 2.04 do 12.04), konzumiranje cigareta duže od 40 godina (OR = 4.32, CI 95 % = 1.69 do 11.06), konzumiranje viÅ”e od 30 cigareta na dan (OR = 4.24, CI 95 % = 1.75 do 10.27), konzumiranje viÅ”e od 5 Å”alica kave na dan (OR = 4.52, CI 95 % = 1.01 do 20.12) i konzumiranje gaziranih piÄa (OR = 0.38, CI 95 % = 0.16 do 0.92). Obolijevanje zbog malignih tumora larinksa moglo bi se znaÄajno smanjiti prestankom konzumiranja duhana i alkohola
ANALYSIS OF BUDGET DEFICIT AND ITS PROBLEMS IN LITHUANIA
Budget deficit is one of the most important parts of macroeconomics. Since 1990, the government of the Lithuanian Republic has been faced with problems in balancing the budget deficit; most of the years, the countryās budget was deficit with the lack of incoming money flow. The budget deficit value in Lithuania has been a significant theme since 2004, when Lithuania became part of the European Union, and one of the liabilities was to insure the litas replacement with euro currency and the budget deficit was one of the Maastrichtās criteria. Also it is very important to maintain effective management of public finances. The government is responsible for managing the countryās budget in respect to various economical parameters, for example, GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rate, etc., in order to plan income level and distribute it to the relevant economic areas. Also, the budget deficitās problems are revealed in this article
ANALYSIS OF BUDGET DEFICIT AND ITS PROBLEMS IN LITHUANIA
Abstract:
Budget deficit is one of the most important parts of macroeconomics. Since 1990, the government of the Lithuanian Republic has been faced with problems in balancing the budget deficit; most of the years, the country's budget was deficit with the lack of incoming money flow. The budget deficit value in Lithuania has been a significant theme since 2004, when Lithuania became part of the European Union, and one of the liabilities was to insure the litas replacement with euro currency and the budget deficit was one of the Maastricht's criteria. Also it is very important to maintain effective management of public finances. The government is responsible for managing the country's budget in respect to various economical parameters, for example, GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rate, etc., in order to plan income level and distribute it to the relevant economic areas. Also, the budget deficit's problems are revealed in this article