18 research outputs found

    Evaluation of motor current derivatives in order to estimate the rotor angular position in a sensorless PMSM drive

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    Om贸wiono problematyk臋 wyznaczania pochodnych pr膮d贸w silnika synchronicznego z magnesami trwa艂ymi (PMSM). Wyznaczone pochodne maj膮 zastosowanie w specyficznym algorytmie estymacji po艂o偶enia k膮towego wirnika silnika. Wymaga to implementacji z艂o偶onego algorytmu pomiarowego w sterowniku mikroprocesorowym nap臋du. Om贸wiono podstawowe zasady pomiaru oraz przedstawiono proces strojenia algorytmu pomiarowego. Zaproponowano metod臋 wyznaczania u艣rednionych warto艣ci pochodnych, pozwalaj膮c膮 uzyska膰 dobr膮 dok艂adno艣膰 estymacji po艂o偶enia wirnika.The paper describes the process of evaluation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) current derivatives. The derivatives are evaluated in order to estimate rotor angular position. In currents waveforms of PMSM motor fed by a transistor inverter, current ripples caused by voltage modulation process can be noticed (Fig. 3). Those ripples are featured by near-linear current change during a time period when voltages at motor terminals are constant. Therefore, the derivatives can be estimated by differential quotient (1). The use of current derivatives instead of current values leads to a very simple rotor position estimation formula (3). However, determination of motor current derivatives requires a complex measurement algorithm. The instants of measurements have to be calculated with respect to inverter control signals and current disturbances resulting from transistor switching (Figs. 5, 7). The rules of selection of measurement instants are formulated in Section 5. The proposed measurement algorithm was implemented in an experimental test bench (Fig. 4). The process of tuning the measurement algorithm on a basis of experiments is presented (Figs. 5?8). A novel method based on evaluation of averaged derivatives was introduced. It allows obtaining the good accuracy of rotor angular position estimation

    Analysis of rail vehicle motion including an influence of varying voltage on the current collector

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    W artykule zaproponowano metodyk臋 wykonywania analizy ruchowej pojazd贸w szynowych, kt贸ra uwzgl臋dnia wp艂yw zmieniaj膮cego si臋 napi臋cia zasilaj膮cego pojazd na jego w艂a艣ciwo艣ci ruchowe. Wykorzystuj膮c model opracowany w programie Simulink wskazano na istotne r贸偶nice w czasie przejazdu oraz w warto艣ciach napi臋cia zasilaj膮cego pomi臋dzy proponowanym sposobem analizy a powszechnie stosowanym podej艣ciem uproszczonym.The paper proposes a novel approach to analyze a rail vehicle motion, which includes an impact of varying voltage at the current collector on the vehicle鈥檚 dynamics. According to present standards, vehicle鈥檚 maximal power has to be limited and the value of this limit depends on actual value of vehicle鈥檚 supplying voltage. This, in turn, affects vehicle tractive effort and its current consumption. A model reflecting vehicle dynamics as well as its supply parameters was designed in Simulink. By a case study, it was proven that neglecting the impact of vehicle varying supply voltage on vehicle dynamics leads to substantial errors in reflecting both vehicle motion and its supply-related parameters

    Automatic test stand for locomotives

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    W referacie om贸wiono struktur臋 zmodernizowanej j automatycznej stacji diagnostycznej lokomotyw. Stacja, wdro偶ona w Zak艂adzie Taboru w Gdyni, s艂u偶y badaniu, regulacji i ocenie stanu wybranych urz膮dze艅 lokomotyw elektrycznych oraz spalinowych. Do budowy stacji wykorzystano nowoczesne techniki pomiarowe, mikrokomputerowe oraz telekomunikacyjne. W artykule zawarto opis zastosowanych rozwi膮za艅, przedstawiono zakres prowadzonej diagnostyki oraz perspektywy rozbudowy stacji.The paper describes structure of service station designed for both electric and internal combustion locomotives. The equipment of service station was upgraded to improve accuracy and extend the range of diagnostics. New structure of diagnostic system was introduced with industrial PC-based data acquisition server. Wireless communication between test stands was implemented for greater flexibility and convenience. Most of test procedures run automatically and generates extensive report. The station currently provides diagnostics and adjustment of: current collectors and power circuits overcurrent relays in electric locomotives, Webasto engine heaters and electric couch heating drivers. Other tests stands are under construction

    Angular velocity measurement using dedicated quadrature encoder interface

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    Przedstawiono metod臋 pomiaru pr臋dko艣ci k膮towej z u偶yciem enkodera kwadraturowego i procesora sygna艂owego TMS320F28335 wyposa偶onego w interfejs enkoderowy eQEP. Om贸wiono budow臋 i zasad臋 dzia艂ania optoelektronicznego enkodera kwadraturowego. Opisano dwie podstawowe metody enkoderowego pomiaru pr臋dko艣ci k膮towej, wskazano ich ograniczenia. Zaproponowano po艂膮czenie podstawowych metod, uzyskuj膮c metod臋 艂膮czon膮 odznaczaj膮c膮 si臋 du偶膮 dok艂adno艣ci膮 w szerokim zakresie pr臋dko艣ci k膮towych. Om贸wiono modu艂 enkoderowy eQEP. Przedstawiono spos贸b doboru parametr贸w metody uwzgl臋dniaj膮cy ograniczenia procesora oraz rozdzielczo艣膰 zastosowanego enkodera. Przedstawiono spos贸b oprogramowania metody w procesorze.The paper describes angular velocity measurement method using quadrature encoder and TMS320F28335 processor equipped with eQEP interface. Optoelectronic quadrature encoder principle of operation is reminded. Two basic methods of angular velocity measurement are discussed and their limitations are emphasized. Mixed angular velocity measurement method is proposed to achieve good measurement accuracy in wide speed range. The eQEP interface is presented. The equations and guide for parameter calculation which takes into consideration processor limitations and encoder resolution are included. Implementation of the method in the processor is discussed

    Data acquisition system of current collectors test stand

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    W referacie om贸wiono nowatorskie stanowisko do diagnostyki technicznej odbierak贸w pr膮du w aspekcie problematyki akwizycji danych pomiarowych. Przedstawiono i uzasadniono metod臋 po艣redniego pomiaru wielko艣ci fizycznych, na podstawie kt贸rych odbywa si臋 diagnoza. Opisano wykonanie i parametry poszczeg贸lnych komponent贸w tor贸w pomiarowych. Zwr贸cono uwag臋 na problem przesy艂u sygna艂贸w w rozleg艂ym terytorialnie systemie umiejscowionym w niekorzystnych warunkach 艣rodowiskowych. Om贸wiono programow膮 obs艂ug臋 sprz臋tu pomiarowego oraz rejestracji i przesy艂u danych pomiarowych do komputera centralnego stanowiska.Proper periodic maintenance is essential for reliability and safety of railway transportation. Regular, fast and accurate diagnostics of locomotives' current collectors is necessary. The paper describes new test stand in railway vehicles' service station with emphasis on its data acquisition system. Indirect measurement of diagnostic data was introduced. Construction of test stand and selection of equipment was discussed. Solution to data transmission in broad system situated in harsh ambience was presented. Software application acquiring and storing data was introduced

    Analysis of microcontrolers features for electric drive controller

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    Przedstawiono wymagania stawiane mikrokontrolerom stosowanym w sterownikach nap臋du elektrycznego. Dokonano przegl膮du najpopularniejszych uk艂ad贸w. Om贸wiono szerzej trzy przyk艂adowe typy mikrokontroler贸w o r贸偶nym stopniu z艂o偶ono艣ci, pochodz膮ce od r贸偶nych producent贸w. Zwr贸cono uwag臋 na funkcjonalno艣膰 i parametry warunkuj膮ce mo偶liwo艣膰 wykorzystania ich w za艂o偶onym zastosowaniu. Rozwa偶ono wydajno艣膰 wbudowanych jednostek arytmetyczno-logicznych. Opisano 艣rodowiska umo偶liwiaj膮ce oprogramowanie mikrokontroler贸w. Podkre艣lono znaczenie narz臋dziowego wyposa偶enia sprz臋towego. Rozwa偶ania podsumowano tabel膮 por贸wnawcz膮 cech wybranych typ贸w mikrokontroler贸w. Oceniono przydatno艣膰 przedstawionych mikrokontroler贸w w sterowniku nap臋du elektrycznego.The requirements for microcontrollers used in electric drive converters were presented. A review of the most popular silicon chips is included. Three exemplary types of microcontrollers with different levels of complexity, from different manufacturers were chosen. Functionality and parameters determining the possibility of using them within a given application were discussed. The software development environments were described. The importance of hardware utility equipment was emphasized. Comparative table of selected microcontrollers parameters was given. The possibility to use particular microcontrollers in electric drive converter was summarized

    3D machine vision system for evaluation of current collectors contact strips conditio

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    Nak艂adki stykowe, b臋d膮ce elementami kolejowego odbieraka pr膮du, bezpo艣rednio stykaj膮ce sie z przewodem jezdnym sieci trakcyjnej, s膮 wa偶nym elementem uk艂adu zasilania pojazdu szynowego. Nak艂adki ul臋gaj膮 zu偶yciu oraz uszkodzeniom. Pogarsza to warunki odbioru pr膮du, a nawet mo偶e skutkowa膰 uszkodzeniem sieci i odbieraka. Istnieje wiec potrzeba regularnej diagnostyki nak艂adek stykowych. Zaproponowano zastosowanie do tego celu systemu skanowania z kamera 3D. Om贸wiono idee tr贸jwymiarowego skanowania powierzchni nak艂adek z wykorzystaniem kamery oraz o艣wietlacza laserowego. Opisano laboratoryjne stanowisko pomiarowe oraz stanowisko terenowe zamontowane na linii kolejowej. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki skanowania oraz analizy stopnia zu偶ycia nak艂adek stykowych. Oszacowano dok艂adno艣膰 wyznaczania wymiar贸w nak艂adek za pomoc膮 wykonanego stanowiska.Contact strips are one of the most important elements of a rail vehicle鈥檚 current collector. They suffer from wear due to friction between the contact wire and their surface. Apart from exploitation wear, contact strips are subject to damage, such as chipping, detachment of segments, cracks in carbon strips, etc. Serious defects may contribute to damage of current collector and/or the break of overhead line. Therefore it is necessary to detect defects of contact strips as soon as possible. An innovative stand has been proposed for diagnosing contact strips of current collectors when the vehicle passes the test point on the rail line. This stand makes it possible to establish the degree of wear in contact strips and detect possible defects. The condition of contact strips can be monitored much more frequently than the schedule of a vehicle periodic service prescribes. The elaborated stand was first tested in laboratory conditions and then installed on the rail line running out of engine house, where operation tests took place. Principles of measurement with the use of 3D vision system have been described, and the structure of the elaborated stand, as well as selected scanning results have been presented. The issue of resolution and accuracy of measurements has also been addressed

    3D-scanning system for railway current collector contact strips

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    Undisturbed collection of current from a contact wire of the catenary constitutes one of the basic elements in reliable operation of electrified rail transport, particularly when vehicles move at high speed. Quality of current collection is influenced by the construction of catenary and current collectors, as well as by the technical condition and regulation of these two elements. Total contact force of a current collector head on contact line and the condition of contact strip surface determine the quality of the contact between a current collector and contact line. This paper presents an innovative stand for diagnosing contact strips on current collectors with the use of 3D imaging technique. The stand has been tested in laboratory and during trial exploitation on a railway line. Implementation potential of the proposed method has been confirmed

    Metody wyznaczania mocy znamionowej agregatu pr膮dotw贸rczego nap臋dzanego silnikiem spalinowym

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    Basic concepts for evaluating rated power of generator sets powered by combustion engines are presented in this article. A relation between parameters of the engine and the generator are shown. Recommendations contained in the standards and technical literature are systematized. The scheme and methodology for evaluating rated power of the generator set, based on laboratory research, are suggested. Also, the main problems which occurred during research have been highlighted. The differences between the values of rated power assumed in theoretical consideration and obtained during laboratory research for the sample unit, have been commented upon.Przytoczono podstawowe poj臋cia zwi膮zane z okre艣laniem mocy agregat贸w pr膮dotw贸rczych nap臋dzanych silnikami spalinowymi. Podano relacje obowi膮zuj膮ce pomi臋dzy parametrami silnika i pr膮dnicy. Usystematyzowano wskazania zawarte w normach oraz literaturze fachowej. Zaproponowano schemat i metodyk臋 wyznaczania mocy znamionowej agregatu na podstawie bada艅 laboratoryjnych. Zwr贸cono uwag臋 na kluczowe problemy praktycznego przeprowadzania bada艅. Skomentowano r贸偶nice w warto艣ciach mocy znamionowej wyznaczonych teoretycznie oraz praktycznie dla przyk艂adowego agregatu

    Application of low-cost wireless modules in home lighting automation

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    W artykule zaprezentowano niedrogi system zdalnego sterowania o艣wietleniem w budynku. Dokonano kr贸tkiego przegl膮du dost臋pnych na rynku, gotowych rozwi膮za艅. Zaproponowano w艂asn膮 struktur臋 sterowania wykorzystuj膮c tanie modu艂y bezprzewodowe. Przedstawiono projekt najistotniejszych element贸w systemu. Om贸wiono spos贸b oprogramowania modu艂贸w oraz nadrz臋dn膮 aplikacj臋 steruj膮c膮. Artyku艂 zawiera ocen臋 systemu, z uwzgl臋dnieniem mo偶liwo艣ci modyfikacji i usprawnie艅.The paper presents a low-cost remote control of house lighting system. A short overview on the market ready-to-use solutions is included. Proposed control structure, using low-cost wireless modules is described. A project of the most important elements of the system is described. Software development process is presented. Article is summarized by the assessment of the system with an indication of possible modifications and improvements
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