Ultrastructural alterations of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism Alterações ultraestruturais dos plexos coróides dos ventrículos laterais de ratos (Rattus norvegicus) submetidos a alcoolismo crônico experimental

Adult male rats (Wistar lineage) were alcoholized with sugar cane liquor diluted at 30(0) GL during 300 days and sacrificed every 60 days in 5 stages. Samples of choroid plexuses of lateral ventricles were collected and examined at transmission electronic microscope to detect possible ultrastructural alterations and to raise possible pathological correlations. Gradual changes were observed in these animals during all the experiment: dilatation and enlargement of cisternae of Golgi complex, dilatation of RER, presence of digestive vacuoles and a large amount of pinocytic vesicles as well as vesicles with electronlucent content throughout cytoplasm, as well as an enlargement of intercellular space between basolateral interdigitation of the cells and of the connective tissue. The changes observed in the epithelium and connective tissue of choroid plexuses specially in 240 and 300 days of treatment are presumably due to a disturbance in hydroelectrolitic homeostasis, contributing to several morpho-functional disturbs of central nervous system. No changes were observed in the control group animals.<br>Ratos machos adultos (linhagem Wistar) foram alcoolizados com aguardente de cana diluída a 30(0) GL durante 300 dias e sacrificados a cada 60 dias em 5 etapas. Amostras dos plexos coróides dos ventrículos laterais foram coletadas e examinadas ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão para detectar possíveis alterações ultraestruturais e suas correlações patológicas. Alterações graduais foram observadas nestes animais durante todo o experimento: dilatação e aumento das cisternas de complexo de Golgi, dilatação do retículo endoplasmático rugoso, presença de vacúolos digestivos e grande quantidade de vesículas pinocíticas assim como de vesículas de conteúdo elétron-lúcido por todo o citoplasma, além de aumento do espaço intercelular, entre as interdigitações das células assim como no tecido conjuntivo. As alterações observadas no epitélio e no tecido conjuntivo dos plexos coróides, especialmente aos 240 e 300 dias de tratamento, são devidas possivelmente a distúrbios na homeostase hidro-eletrolítica, podendo assim contribuir para vários distúrbios morfo-funcionais do sistema nervoso central. Nenhuma alteração foi observada nos animais do grupo controle

The European Academy for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: An initiative of the European Insomnia Network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment

Insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide, confers marked risks for both physical and mental health. Furthermore, insomnia is associated with considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. Recent guidelines in the US and Europe unequivocally conclude that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) should be the first-line treatment for the disorder. Current treatment approaches are in stark contrast to these clear recommendations, not least across Europe, where, if any treatment at all is delivered, hypnotic medication still is the dominant therapeutic modality. To address this situation, a Task Force of the European Sleep Research Society and the European Insomnia Network met in May 2018. The Task Force proposed establishing a European CBT-I Academy that would enable a Europe-wide system of standardized CBT-I training and training centre accreditation. This article summarizes the deliberations of the Task Force concerning definition and ingredients of CBT-I, preconditions for health professionals to teach CBT-I, the way in which CBT-I should be taught, who should be taught CBT-I and to whom CBT-I should be administered. Furthermore, diverse aspects of CBT-I care and delivery were discussed and incorporated into a stepped-care model for insomnia