Stylized Facts of the International Business Cycle Relevant for the Chilean Economy

This paper analyzes macroeconomic regularities in the main economic blocks (i.e., the U.S., Europe, and Japan) and describes the interaction between key variables of these groups and their relationship with relevant variables for the Chilean economy such as commodities prices, capital flows and sovereign spreads. Among the main findings are (i) U.S. GDP growth leads by two quarters the growth in Europe, Japan, and Latin America; (ii) high synchronization in both inflationary processes and monetary policies is observed; (iii) industrialized countries’ GDP growth leads movements in copper and oil prices, while the Chinese economy presents a high contemporaneous correlation with copper prices; (iv) the U.S. real exchange rate leads the price of commodities, and (v) higher capital flows to emerging markets and lower sovereign spreads lead economic growth in industrialized economies.

Inverse Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (iLGADs) for precise tracking and timing applications

Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) is the baseline sensing technology of the recently proposed Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP) end-cap timing detectors (MTD) at the Atlas and CMS experiments. The current MTD sensor is designed as a multi-pad matrix detector delivering a poor position resolution, due to the relatively large pad area, around 1 $mm^2$; and a good timing resolution, around 20-30 ps. Besides, in his current technological incarnation, the timing resolution of the MTD LGAD sensors is severely degraded once the MIP particle hits the inter-pad region since the signal amplification is missing for this region. This limitation is named as the LGAD fill-factor problem. To overcome the fill factor problem and the poor position resolution of the MTD LGAD sensors, a p-in-p LGAD (iLGAD) was introduced. Contrary to the conventional LGAD, the iLGAD has a non-segmented deep p-well (the multiplication layer). Therefore, iLGADs should ideally present a constant gain value over all the sensitive region of the device without gain drops between the signal collecting electrodes; in other words, iLGADs should have a 100${\%}$ fill-factor by design. In this paper, tracking and timing performance of the first iLGAD prototypes is presented.Comment: Conference Proceedings of VCI2019, 15th Vienna Conference of Instrumentation, February 18-22, 2019, Vienna, Austri

Diversidad de pequeños mamíferos no voladores (Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata y Eulipotyphla) en Áreas de Protección Estricta de Venezuela

Se evalúa la riqueza de especies de tres órdenes de mamíferos (Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata y Eulipotyphla) en las Áreas de Protección Estricta de Venezuela (APE). El estudio se realizó con base al análisis de presencia o ausencia de éstos en cada una de las figuras que agrupan las APE (Parques Nacionales, Monumentos Naturales y Refugios de Fauna Silvestre). Para esto, se consultaron bases de datos de museos nacionales y extranjeros; se hizo una revisión exhaustiva de revistas indizadas y bibliografía gris y con la información se elaboraron listas para cada APE. Se encontró que estas áreas albergan al 85 % de las especies, agrupadas en los tres órdenes; protegen al 80 % de las amenazadas y a todas las endémicas. Sin embargo, existe un vacío de protección para algunas restringidas a una biorregión en particular o conocidas de pocos registros. Los Parques Nacionales Canaima, Duida-Marahuaca y Yurubí obtuvieron los mayores registros de especies de los grupos evaluados. Como se ha sugerido en trabajos similares, se cree necesario revisar con detalle el plan de ordenamiento territorial venezolano y establecer posibles áreas que funcionen como corredores biológicos; además, crear nuevas figuras de protección que contemplen aquellas especies no ubicadas en alguna de las APE

Antiphospholipid syndrome and adrenal gland necrosis, report of two cases and review of the literature

El síndrome antifosfolípido es una entidad que puede ocurrir de forma aislada o asociada a otras enfermedades. Una forma infrecuente es la manifestación con compromiso de las glándulas suprarrenales. Existen pocos casos en la literatura científica que describan este fenómeno. En el presente artículo, se presentan dos casos con comportamientos poco usuales.219-226Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disease that can manifest alone or associated with other conditions. Adrenal glands involvement is a rare presentation. There are few cases reported in the literature. We present two cases of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome that compromise the adrenal glands and behave very odd comparing to previous case reports

Estructura del subsuelo de la Sabana de Bogotá. Análisis de dispersión de ondas superficiales a partir de sismos y ruido sísmicos

We present the results of the analysis of vertical component from earthquake and seismic noise records obtained in the Sabana de Bogotá to determine subsoil structure in that region. Rayleigh waves present in the earthquake data were processed to estimate to estimate group velocities. In the case of seismic noise, we used seismic interferometry to estimate Green’s functions between stations from average cross-correlation. Rayleigh wave pulses were recovered between stations from seismic noise. We processed the results to estimate group velocities in all cases. The results show the impact of geology on group velocities in the studied region. Different station pairs show varying group velocities depending on the age of the rocks along the paths. Our estimated impedance contrast between surficial deposits and underlying bedrock suggest possible amplification of ground motion larger than a factor of 10. The poor quality and the limited quantity of our data limited the comprehensiveness of our results. The frequency ranges of the results showed poor overlap, hindering comparisons among paths. In spite of their limitations, our results highlight the importance of site effects in the Sabana de Bogotá and the need to take them into account to estimate ground motion for future events in that region

Structural study of the type II 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables.The structure of the type II dehydroquinate dehydratase (DHQase) from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the third enzyme of the shikimate pathway, has been determined. Crystals diffracting to 1.7 Å were obtained in space and on earth using the counter-diffusion technique. The structure was solved using molecular replacement and refined to high resolution. The overall structure of the dodecameric enzyme is described and compared with structures of DHQases from other bacteria. DHQases contain a flexible loop that presumably closes over the active site upon substrate binding. The enzyme can exist in an open or closed conformation. The present structure displays the open conformation, with a sulfate anion bound in the active site. The availability of this structure opens a route to structure-based antibiotics targetting this pathogenic bacterium.We thank Professor Kabsch for providing XDS free of charge. We acknowledge the support of the European Space Agency and the European Community Action to Research Infrastructure Action of the Improving Human Potential Programme to the EMBL Hamburg Outstation, contract No. HPRI-CT-1999-00017. We thank Olivier Minster (ESA) for his support of space science. The authors acknowledge the excellent work of Dr Eva ManÄ as in managing the logistics concerning the space mission. We thank Viscount Dirk Frimout for his support for space crystallization experiments.Peer reviewe

Prognostic Factors in Patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Background: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a disease with a high mortality rate, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a bacteria transmitted to humans by infected ticks. In 2008 there was a Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) outbreak in the city of Mexicali, México, resulting in an increased mortality rate amongst the area population. Methods: Case-series study of patients admitted to the General Hospital of Mexicali between 2014 and 2019 with a confirmed diagnosis of RMSF. Mortality was compared dividing the population on those ?20 and younger than ?21 years of age. Results: A total of 129 patients’ records during a 5-year period whose diagnosis was RMSF confirmed with PCR were included. Mortality was compared among patients admitted who were younger than ?20 years of age with that among patients who were older than ?20 years of age (61 versus 68 respectively), the latter being higher with an OR 4.2 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: RMSF in hospitalized patients has a high mortality rate in spite of early treatment in all age groups, without showing any predominance in gender. However, patients older than 20 years of age had a higher mortality rate than those younger than 20 years, without any predominance in gender