PENGARUH ANGGARAN DANA BANTUAN OPERASIONAL SEKOLAH TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DI KOTA BITUNG

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh anggaran dana bantuan operasional sekolah terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja di Kota Bitung dan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tenaga kerja dan dana bantuan operasional sekolah di Kota Bitung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode wawancara akan digunakan untuk mencari data kualitatif yang berkaitan dengan upaya peningkatan alokasi dana Bos. Wawancara (inteview) dilakukan dengan beberapa pihak Tim Bos Sekolah Menengah pertama Negeri di kota Bitung.  Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan EViews 8. Dalam penelitian ini meliputi Uji normalitas, Uji Heteroskedasitas, Uji Autokorelasi. Uji Multikolinearitas dan analisis regresi liner berganda, untuk menguji dan membuktikan hipotesis penelitian. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linear berganda diperoleh model persamaan yaitu : Produktifitas Tenaga Kerja = 9,068 + 0,104 Dana BOS. Berdasarkan persamaan regresi menunjukkan bahwa variabel X1 (Dana BOS) mempunyai koefisien regresi positif dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja b1 = 0.104424 bertanda positif sebesar 0.104424 artinya menunjukkan apabila setiap kenaikan 1% Dana BOS, maka penyerapan tenaga kerja akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0.104424. Hasil penelitian koefisien regresi bernilai positif berarti terjadi hubungan positif antara Dana BOS dengan  penyerapan tenaga kerja. Kata kunci: dana bantuan operasional sekolah, produktivitas tenaga kerja ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of the school operational assistance budget on labor productivity in Bitung City and to find out the characteristics of the workforce and school operational assistance funds in Bitung City.Data collection carried out through the interview method will be used to look for qualitative data relating to efforts to increase Bos's fund allocation. Interviews were conducted with several parties from the State Junior High School Boss Team in the city of Bitung.Data analysis in this study uses the help of EViews 8. In this study include normality test, heteroscedacity test, autocorrelation test. Multicollinearity test and multiple linear regression analysis, to test and prove the research hypothesis.Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the equation model is obtained: Labor Productivity = 9.068 + 0.104 BOS Funds. Based on the regression equation shows that variable X1 (BOS Fund) has a positive regression coefficient with absorption of labor b1 = 0.104424 which is positive at 0.104424 meaning that if every 1% increase in BOS Funds, then employment will increase by 0.104424.The results of the study of the regression coefficient are positive means that there is a positive relationship between BOS Funds and employment. Keywords: school operational assistance funds, labor productivit

Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites were carried out. Obtained results indi- cated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. The highest tensile (17.74 MPa) and flexural strength (31.24 MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scan- ning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites’ tensile fracture. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259 ◦C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed com- posites (253 ◦C). Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc

Age, growth and length-weight relationships of Pinna bicolor Gmelin (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) in the Seagrass Beds of Sungai Pulai Estuary, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia.

Age and growth of Pinna bicolor were examined in the seagrass beds of Merambong shoal (N 1°19′55.62″; E 103°35′57.75″) off the south-western coast of Johor, Peninsular Malaysia between May 2006 and April 2007. Monthly growth increment data of P. bicolor were analyzed using FiSAT software (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) to estimate the asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K). Average growth rate of P. bicolor was 1.42 (±0.01) cm per month; the estimated asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 34.66 cm and 0.88 per year, respectively. In their natural habitat, P. bicolor attain shell heights of approximately 17, 25 and 30 cm at the end of their first, second and third years of growth. The length–weight relationship was estimated as Log W = −5.397 + 3.111Log L, and in exponential form the equation was W = 0.000004L3.111 (r2 = 0.99, P < 0.01). Habitat temperature and salinity ranged between 27.47 and 29.66°C and 28.66–33.00 ppt with a mean of 29.10 (±0.66) m°C and 30.52 (±1.41) ppt, respectively

Real-time, in situ measurements of atmospheric optical absorption in the visible via photoacoustic spectroscopy--IV. Visibility degradation and aerosol optical properties in Los Angeles

Aerosol light absorption (babs) has been measured in real-time in Los Angeles with a validated photoacoustic technique, and its impact on visibility degradation has been examined. These measurements were collected during ten days in the summer of 1987 for the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS). Aerosol babs ([lambda] = 514.5 nm) varied from an hourly average value of 7 x 10-6 m-1 in the 3-4 and 4-5 a.m. periods of 13 July to 9 x 10-5 m-1 in the 7-8 a.m. period of both 28 August and 3 September. This babs, which is due solely to elemental carbon (EC) showed a distinct diurnal pattern with low values at night, increasing around sunrise to higher values through mid-afternoon. Comparison of these data with aerosol light scattering data clearly illustrates that the contribution of aerosol light absorption to visibility degradation increases in importance under less polluted conditions. Other urban and rural studies show similar results.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28906/1/0000743.pd

Measurement of atmospheric elemental carbon: Real-time data for Los Angeles during summer 1987

Two fundamentally different techniques for measuring atmospheric elemental carbon (EC) aerosol were compared to validate the methods. One technique, photoacoustic spectroscopy, was used to measure the optical absorption ([lambda] = 514.5 nm) of in situ atmospheric aerosol in real time. This optical absorption can be converted to EC concentration using the appropriate value of the absorption cross-section for C, so that a comparison could be made with the second technique, thermal-optical analysis of filter-collected samples, which measures the collected EC by combustion. Solvent extraction of the filter samples prior to the thermal analysis procedure was required to minimize errors due to pyrolysis of organic carbon. Excellent 1:1 correlation of atmospheric EC concentrations resulted for measurements by the photoacoustic method vs the thermal method over coincident sampling times. The linear regression gave y = 1.006 (+/-0.056) x+0.27 (+/-0.56) with R = 0.945 (n = 41), where y is the photoacoustic EC concentration and x is the thermal elemental carbon concentration, both in [mu]g m-3. This data set was collected in Los Angeles as part of the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) during the summer 1987, and supplements the results of an earlier, more limited data set taken in Dearborn, MI. The diurnal variability of EC aerosol in Los Angeles during SCAQS, as determined by photoacoustic spectroscopy, is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28903/1/0000740.pd

Effect of Agar on Flexural, Impact, and Thermogravimetric Properties of Thermo- plastic Sugar Palm Starch

Development of new polymer from renewable resources is getting serious attention from researchers due to environmental issue caused by petroleum based polymer. The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of sugar palm starch (SPS) based thermoplastic containing agar in the range from 10 to 40 wt%. The thermoplastics were melt-mixed and then hot pressed at 140oC for 10 minutes followed by flexural, impact, and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that incorporation of agar increased the char residue content from 9.17 to 10.87 wt%. For mechanical properties, the addition of agar had improve the flexural strength and modulus of SPS/agar blends. The impact strength of thermoplastic SPS was increased respectively with addition of agar. However, at higher agar content (30 wt% to 40 wt%), the impact strength was decreased which attributed to high rigidity of material at this ratio. In conclusion, incorporation of agar has improved the flexural, impact, and thermal properties of thermoplastic SPS which widened the potential application of this biopolymer in future