The New Corporate Governance landscape and its impact on the companies’ future

The world regulatory landscape of the corporate governance (CG) changed substantially in the last six years having an impact on the company’s business operations and ability to attract capital necessary for the economic growth of the company as the quality of CG significantly contributes to the enhancement of investor and shareholder confidence in the company. Therefore, good corporate governance is a key factor in attracting both local and foreign investments, retaining investor confidence in the company and increasing the company’s competitiveness. Corporate governance refers to having the appropriate people, processes, and structures to direct and manage the business and affairs of the company to enhance long-term shareholder value, whilst considering the interests of other stakeholders. Companies that embrace the tenets of good governance, including accountability, transparency, and sustainability, are more likely to engender investor confidence and achieve long-term sustainable business performance. The attention paid to the international dynamics of corporate governance evolution has led, for example, to a focus on sustainability, through the persistence in promoting the long-term success of the company and its contribution to the community at large. Also in recent years, there has been an increased focus on the role of shareholders/investors in listed companies based on the revised EU legal framework of the dedicated Directive. In addition, G20 and OECD CG principals from 2015 and Paris Agreement from 2015 determined a lot of amendments to the CGC of the capital markets worldwide. The authors will present in this research paper the main directions of the mentioned legal provisions and their impact on the CGC analyzed in the seven years and the new directions for changes proposed by the G20 and OCED after the consultations from 2022

NAVIGATING ETHICAL AND MORAL CHALLENGES LEADERS FACE IN STAKEHOLDER CAPITALISM

One can assume that the ethical business leader of the 21st century will need to become a leader of community in which they operate, answering to all stakeholders, guiding all stakeholders, mediating all stakeholders’ concerns. A virtuous position at first glance and one leader wants to aspire to in theory but frequently fail at in practice. The current paper strives to underline the need of ethical conduct at both leader and stakeholders’ level and proposes the introduction of a code of ethical principles to be followed and introduced by the leader and all stakeholders in an organization. Such a code should promote a set of well-established principles to be agreed and followed by the parties involved. A five criteria set is proposed for the development of further codes of conduct, that will lead to more appropriate judgements and findings

Corporate Carbon Performance Study Across Nations: The Point of View of Global Investors

The paper aims to examine the global carbon performance of companies from the perspective of national diffusion. According to the Paris Agreement, listed companies from non-OECD countries produce average carbon dioxide cheaper than listed companies from OECD countries. However, the spread of corporate carbon dioxide emissions is lower in OECD countries compared to non-OECD countries, due to the increase in average national carbon dioxide emissions. Also, the spread of corporate carbon dioxide emissions at the country level in the post-Paris Agreement period is inversely correlated with foreign stock ownership. This result confirms our hypothesis that advanced foreign investors from rich countries have a significant positive effect on the efficiency of indigenous firms in developing countries in managing carbon emissions.While the sources checked for this paper may focus on different dependent variables at times, they all address the subject of whether a stricter and more enforceable regulatory framework on carbon emission may lead to a healthier and sustainable environment. We used the quantitative and qualitative analysis to see in what extent large sets of data regarding various indicators of corporate carbon performance are confirmed by a rate of success in the yearly sustainability reports released by the large international companies and international organizations. Further research may also focus on different strategies which aim to produce effects in the long run, not necessarily linked with corporate targets. For this, the topic should be addressed on the level of the entire society and the mission of the governments, and the international community is to find the best way for cooperation

Why leadership fails? Few causes for why good leaders do bad things:

The six factors considered for achieving success in leadership are clarity, role modeling, achievability, commitment, transparency and openness. The article analyzes the factors that generate a failure of leadership, even for the so-called widely renewed good leaders, precisely the behavior causes and developments that lead to failure and not their acquiring process. The chosen target population is represented by the leaders ruling large organizations, which need an integrated vision to produce effective leadership. The perspective will have a theoretical basis but also an empirical one. The quantitative part relies on a survey conducted among leaders for three different industries (pharmaceutical, IT and telecom). They were asked questions regarding the causes, which produce leadership failure and finally produce misconduct and breaches of the compliance rules and regulations. In addition, the survey asked the participants to develop their proposals for preventing leadership failure. It was established the importance of the tone from the top, leading by example, a clear mechanism for checking the health of the organization from a leadership perspective. The article will also show that the way to prevent leadership failure and avoid behaviors that lead to misconduct is a permanent journey

VISUAL PPINOT: A Graphical Notation for Process Performance Indicators

Process performance indicators (PPIs) allow the quantitative evaluation of business processes, providing essential information for decision making. It is common practice today that business processes and PPIs are usually modelled separately using graphical notations for the former and natural language for the latter. This approach makes PPI definitions simple to read and write, but it hinders maintenance consistency between business processes and PPIs. It also requires their manual translation into lower-level implementation languages for their operationalisation, which is a time-consuming, error-prone task because of the ambiguities inherent to natural language definitions. In this article, Visual ppinot, a graphical notation for defining PPIs together with business process models, is presented. Its underlying formal metamodel allows the automated processing of PPIs. Furthermore, it improves current state-of-the-art proposals in terms of expressiveness and in terms of providing an explicit visualisation of the link between PPIs and business processes, which avoids inconsistencies and promotes their co-evolution. The reference implementation, developed as a complete tool suite, has allowed its validation in a multiple-case study, in which five dimensions of Visual ppinot were studied: expressiveness, precision, automation, understandability, and traceability

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Financial and Non-Financial Disclosures for Agriculture: is there any Connection in between GRI 13 and IAS 41?

This article compares and contrasts two financial and non-financial standards, IAS 41 Agriculture and GRI 13 Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fishing to check if they mirror one another and what are the connections or disconnections between them, whether they are complementary or supplementary to one another, otherwise just unrelated. This research is conducted on text-based analysis of density of keywords in the professional standards, as well as a check-up on firms’ market capitalisation and revenues, alongside with non-financial reporting data. This argument builds in on the potential association between financial and non-financial demands for companies and how their reported facts impact on society, environment, economic growth and trade-offs. There is a pressure mainly from public institutions for a merger of non-financial and financial data, yet, market reactions and primarily users’ needs advance at a difference pace. The conclusion explains that IAS 41 has its own sustainability in-built information capacity on biological assets maintenance, financial sustainability and even well-being of animals, while GRI 13 is definitely more detailed and dedicated in terms of food security, soil health, waste, animal health, economic inclusion and traceability. Despite some greenwashing techniques when reporting, non-financial reporting has a value enhancing effect and will fulfil its role of broadening and improving on decision usefulness