422 research outputs found
Aggregation Behavior And Chromonic Liquid Crystal Properties Of An Anionic Monoazo Dye
X-ray scattering and various optical techniques are utilized to study the aggregation process and chromonic liquid crystal phase of the anionic monoazo dye Sunset Yellow FCF. The x-ray results demonstrate that aggregation involves pi-pi stacking of the molecules into columns, with the columns undergoing a phase transition to an orientationally ordered chromonic liquid crystal phase at high dye concentration. Optical absorption measurements on dilute solutions reveal that the aggregation takes place at all concentrations, with the average aggregation number increasing with concentration. A simple theory based on the law of mass action and an isodesmic aggregation process is in excellent agreement with the experimental data and yields a value for the bond energy between molecules in an aggregate. Measurements of the birefringence and order parameter are also performed as a function of temperature in the chromonic liquid crystal phase. The agreement between these results and a more complicated theory of aggregation is quite reasonable. Overall, these results both confirm that the aggregation process for some dyes is isodesmic and provide a second example of a well-characterized chromonic system
Structural behavior of PbBiSrLaCuO for 0<y<0.53
In the Bi cuprates, the presence of a near 15 superstructure is well
known. Usually, this superstructure is suppressed by the substitution of lead,
but there have been reports of a phase separation in so called {\alpha} and
{\beta} phases. This paper shows in high detail time how and why the phase
separation develops and what happens to the quasi-15 superstructure
upon lead substitution. For this purpose, the lanthanum- and lead-substituted
single-layered superconductor BiSrCuO has been
investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron
diffraction. The La content was kept constant at slightly under-doped
concentration while the Pb content was changed systematically. Thermodynamic
considerations show that a phase mixture of {\alpha} and {\beta} phases is
inevitable.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Quasiparticles and Energy Scaling in BiSrCaCuO (=1-3): Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has been performed on the
single- to triple-layered Bi-family high-{\it T} superconductors
(BiSrCaCuO, =1-3). We found a sharp
quasiparticle peak as well as a pseudogap at the Fermi level in the
triple-layered compound. Comparison among three compounds has revealed a
universal rule that the characteristic energies of superconducting and
pseudogap behaviors are scaled with the maximum {\it T}.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Domestic Queensware in Kensington-Fishtown: Excavating Philadelphia\u27s Waterfront Neighborhoods
Ongoing archaeological excavation undertaken by URS/AECOM along the I-95 corridor in Kensington-Fishtown in Philadelphia have brought to light 18th and 19th century domestic and industrial life along a three-mile section of the Delaware River waterfront. Excavation has revealed over 400 shaft features, yard deposits, and industrial foundations yielding over one million artifacts from a three mile section of the Delaware River waterfront. A small quantity of domestic queensware has been recovered from barrel and wood-lined box privies and from an early 19th century drain feature. The recovery of domestic queensware in Kensington-Fishtown has revealed that this ware had become part of the domestic fabric of early 19th century consumers in this part of the city
The Rise and Fall of American Queensware 1807-1822
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This article examines the history of several manufacturers of American queensware in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and beyond. Our research reveals that efforts to produce queensware were more extensive and widespread than previously thought. This survey expanded as we discovered references to contemporary queensware potteries in other parts of the United States during the first two decades of the 19th century. In all, 14 queensware-manufacturing ventures are identified and described from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, what is now West Virginia, Vermont, and New Hampshire. Much of this research is drawn from period newspaper notices, advertisements, and surviving personal correspondence. The period sources provide a view of the experimental nature of this industry, document the search for raw materials, and describe various aspects of the manufacturing process
Developments in the negative-U modelling of the cuprate HTSC systems
The paper deals with the many stands that go into creating the unique and
complex nature of the HTSC cuprates above Tc as below. Like its predecessors it
treats charge, not spin or lattice, as prime mover, but thus taken in the
context of the chemical bonding relevant to these copper oxides. The crucial
shell filling, negative-U, double-loading fluctuations possible there require
accessing at high valent local environment as prevails within the mixed valent,
inhomogeneous two sub-system circumstance of the HTSC materials. Close
attention is paid to the recent results from Corson, Demsar, Li, Johnson,
Norman, Varma, Gyorffy and colleagues.Comment: 44 pages:200+ references. Submitted to J.Phys.:Condensed Matter, Sept
7 200
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