Vector feedback homogeneity and inner layout influence on fluxgate sensor parameters

Vector feedback is a concept which can significantly improve linearity and stability of a magnetic field sensor. The feedback coils effectively cancel the measured magnetic field in the inner volume of the triaxial sensor. Thus, in case of fluxgates, it suppresses one possible source of nonlinearity—cross-field sensitivity error. The triaxial sensor axes orthogonality should be primarily defined by the orientation of the feedback coils, while the sensitivities are defined by feedback coil constants. The influence of the homogeneity of the feedback field and the influence of the sensor inner layout on calibration parameters of a vectorially compensated triaxial fluxgate magnetometer are presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Innovative Thinking: Modernizing Outer Space Governance

Space security is essential to global safety and prosperity. International treaties should modernize and reflect the world’s innovation in space and governance needs. One must look back to 1967 for the inaugural “Outer Space Treaty,” the first and only binding multilateral agreement for peaceful space use and exploration. In 50 years, technologies and space capabilities have evolved; an updated global treaty and agreement should be developed and evaluated. Both China and Russia have demonstrated their capability to degrade and/or destroy adversaries’ satellites in space. Space wars are no longer a hypothetical. The future once discussed and anxiously anticipated after Sputnik I is here. While the United States is maximizing efforts to protect and secure its satellites from harm, this activity may not be enough as international law on space security does not meet today’s needs. Now, more than ever, with the space security and cybersecurity realms intersecting, and with the achievement of adversarial space capabilities, there is a need to review and update the Outer Space Treaty. Recent weapons testing and the resultant challenges to keeping satellites in orbit have highlighted glaring the gaps in space governance. This domain is ripe for a new review to prevent the weaponization of outer space and potential international instability, and to secure satellites’ receipt and transfer of digital information, which is vital to all mankind’s way of life

Optical Position Sensor Based on Digital Image Processing: Magnetic Field Mapping Improvement

Optical position measurement system for an automated magnetic field mapping apparatus based on fluxgate sensors is presented. For the exact position estimation of the sensor head, a simple smart camera was developed with respect to minimal hardware configuration and real-time execution of position measurement algorithm. The camera is observing the mapped scene and evaluates position of the sensor head using an active marker. The sensor head is designed as movable, what allows keeping the scene fixed and exactly referenced to the mapped magnetic field using coordinates obtained from image. With image sensor fixed 2.5 m above the plane and range ±130 mm around the lens optical axis (image center), the total position measurement error is less than 0.5 mm

Innovative Thinking: Modernizing Outer Space Governance

Space security is essential to global safety and prosperity. International treaties should modernize and reflect the world’s innovation in space and governance needs. One must look back to 1967 for the inaugural “Outer Space Treaty,” the first and only binding multilateral agreement for peaceful space use and exploration. In 50 years, technologies and space capabilities have evolved; an updated global treaty and agreement should be developed and evaluated. Both China and Russia have demonstrated their capability to degrade and/or destroy adversaries’ satellites in space. Space wars are no longer a hypothetical. The future once discussed and anxiously anticipated after Sputnik I is here. While the United States is maximizing efforts to protect and secure its satellites from harm, this activity may not be enough as international law on space security does not meet today’s needs. Now, more than ever, with the space security and cybersecurity realms intersecting, and with the achievement of adversarial space capabilities, there is a need to review and update the Outer Space Treaty. Recent weapons testing and the resultant challenges to keeping satellites in orbit have highlighted glaring the gaps in space governance. This domain is ripe for a new review to prevent the weaponization of outer space and potential international instability, and to secure satellites’ receipt and transfer of digital information, which is vital to all mankind’s way of life

Nowe możliwości używania samolotu A-319CJ w Czeskich Siłach Powietrznych

The article analyses remarkable changes in activities of the transport airbase in terms of substitution of obsolete aircraft by modern transport airplanes. Further, differences between transport airbase’s aircraft and Czech Airlines’ airplanes are introduced, as well as fundamental tactical and operating specifications, time and space factors regarding personnel transport, supplies transport and possibilities of Airbus A319CJ’s freight hold adjustment in dependence on the nature of transport.Artykuł analizuje niezwykłe zmiany w działalności wojskowego transportu lotniczego, w warunkach zastępowania przestarzałych samolotów przez nowoczesne samoloty transportowe. Prezentuje dalsze różnice pomiędzy wojskowymi samolotami transportowymi i Czech Airlines (Czeskie Linie Lotnicze), które są wprowadzone a dotyczą: zasadniczych taktycznych i operacyjnych specyfikacji, czasowo – przestrzennych czynników, związanych z organizacją transportu, zapewniania transportu i możliwości Airbusa A319CJ, poprzez przystosowanie go do zapewnienia transportu towarowego odpowiednio do specyfiki wojskowego transportu lotniczego

Fine Smoothing of Conductive Substrate for Permalloy Layer Electroplating

In this paper we study the influence of the roughness of the copper substrate on the magnetic properties of the FeNi film we electroplate onto it. The roughness and the thickness of the copper substrate are reduced by electropolishing in orthophosphoric acid: we show how to select the working point, which gives the highest smoothness, avoiding defects due to gas evolution. Finally we show how a smoother substrate contributes to reducing the coercivity of the magnetic film grown on it

“Lasso the Moon? Is It Possible? What about Hack the Moon? Today’s International Framework for Activities on the Moon”

The global interest in the moon and outer space continues to skyrocket. The current U.S. commercial investment in space is $350 billion annually, and it is expected to grow to$1 Trillion or more by 2040. The U.S. military investment in space defense and research likewise continues to grow, with the total investment amount remaining classified. With the frequent activity in space, as well as concerns about attacks to US space assets to and from space, the U.S, created the United States Space Command and its Space Force. With private space travel, nanosatellites, lunar exploration, and the proliferation of space weapons, the newest frontier of concern is outer space. This article explores who owns outer space, what is the governance model for peaceful exploration in space and defines the parameters of what activities can occur on the moon. National security rests on strong space security and cybersecurity. With the upcoming Hack the Moon competition and symposium being hosted by the Maryland Innovation and Security Institute, this article lays the foundation for the realm of the possible, which was once seen as the realm of the impossible. The Sky and the moon are no longer the limit