Komercijalno poljoprivredno gazdinstvo za potrebe FADN istraživanja u Srbiji

As an official candidate for the accession to the EU, Serbia has to fulfill a number of commitments related to the reform both in its society and economy, including its agriculture. One of the commitments is the introduction of the FADN survey so the state would have access to agricultural resources and options at any time. For the purposes of the FADN survey, a population of agricultural holdings should be formed so that it covers approximately 90% of the total utilized agricultural area, 90% of the total livestock units and 90% of the value of agricultural production of the country. In addition, according to the methodology of the FADN survey, the population of agricultural holdings consists only of commercial agricultural holdings. In this paper the author has defined the economic size thresholds of agricultural holdings in Serbia, which will be used to determine whether an agricultural holding can be considered as commercial or not, taking into account the standards of the FADN concept.S obzirom na kandidaturu za ulazak u EU, Srbija mora da ispuni veliki broj obaveza koje se odnose na reforme kako u društvu tako i u privredi, pa i u poljoprivredi. Jedna od obaveza je i uvođenje FADN istraživanja da bi u svakom momentu država imala uvid u poljoprivredne resurse i mogućnosti. Za potrebe FADN istraživanja treba da se formira populacija poljoprivrednih gazdinstava koja će da pokriva oko 90% ukupne korišćene poljoprivredne površine, 90% ukupnih uslovnih grla stoke kao i oko 90% vrednosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje zemlje. Takođe, prema metodologiji FADN istraživanja populaciju poljoprivrednih gazdinstava čine samo komercijalna poljoprivredna gazdinstva. U ovom radu autor je definisao granicu minimalne ekonomske veličine poljoprivrednog gazdinstva u Srbiji koja će poslužiti u određivanju da li se neko poljoprivredno gazdinstvo može smatrati komercijalnim ili ne imajući u vidu standarde FADN koncepta

Reprezentativan uzorak za potrebe FADN istraživanja u Srbiji

The census as a way of collecting data is a comprehensive statistical action that requires adequate organization, high material costs and a lot of engaged people. It is mostly conducted for ten years. For this reason, there is no insight into the changes of the observed units between the two censuses, as many countries conduct sample-based surveys. These surveys can be conducted more often because of lower financial expenditures than the census. In the European Union countries, for a period of two or three years, agricultural research based on the sample has been carried out for half a century. This survey is known as the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The aim of this research paper is to study the FADN methodology and adapt it to our conditions. More precisely, the aim is to propose a method for the implementation of FADN research in Serbia and to create a model by which a representative sample for the research of agricultural holdings will be formed. This survey was conducted on the basis of data on agricultural holdings that were collected by the Agriculture Census in 2012.Popis kao način prikupljanja podataka je sveobuhvatna statistička akcija koja iziskuje dobru organizaciju, visoke materijalne troškove i mnogo angažovanog ljudstva i sprovodi se uglavnom na deset godina. Iz tog razloga ne postoji uvid u promene jedinica posmatranja između dva popisa, pa mnoge zemlje sprovode istraživanja na osnovu uzorka. Ova istraživanja se, zbog manjih finansijskih izdataka od popisa, mogu sprovoditi češće. Kada je reč o zemljama Evropske Unije, već pola veka se sprovodi poljoprivredno istraživanje na osnovu uzorka, na svake dve ili tri godine. Ovo istraživanje je poznato pod nazivom mreža knjigovodstvenih podataka na farmama (eng. Farm Accountancy Data Network - FADN). Cilj ovog rada je da se metodologija FADN istraživanja prouči i prilagodi našim uslovima. Tačnije, da se predloži način sprovođenja FADN istraživanja u Srbiji i napravi model pomoću koga će se formirati reprezentativan uzorak za istraživanje poljoprivrednih gazdinstava. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na osnovu podataka o poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima koji su prikupljeni Popisom poljoprivrede 2012. godine

Regionalna obeležja tržišne proizvodnje voća i grožđa u Srbiji

In the paper analyzes the trends in the development of market production of fruit (on the example of the apple and the plum) and grapes in Serbia from 1976 to 2015. The grouping of the Serbian districts according to the degree of the market production of fruit and grapes in 2015 was performed by a cluster analysis, on the basis of the six features of production, five features of the capacities, and five features of development. According to the data for 2015, the degree of the marketability of apples in Serbia was 47.7%, plums 15.9%, and grapes 18.3%. The Serbia-North Region shows a surplus in the production of apples, and a deficit in the production of plums (-181.7%) and grapes (-99.1%). The Serbia-South Region has a surplus in the production of the analyzed kinds of fruit (the apple accounting for 43.0%, and the plum 50.9%) and grapes (45.2%).U radu je analizriana regionalna obeležja tržišne proizvodnje voća (na primeru jabuke i šljive) i grožđa po oblastima Srbije u periodu 1976-2015. godine. Grupisanje oblasti u Srbiji prema stepenu tržišne proizvodnje voća i grožđa u 2015. godini izvršeno je klaster analizom na osnovu 6 obeležja proizvodnje, 5 obeležja kapaciteta i 5 obeležja razvijenosti. Prema podacima za 2015. godinu, stepen tržišnosti jabuka u Srbiji iznosio je 47.7%, šljiva 15.9% i grožđa 18.3%. Region Srbija-Sever suficitaran je u proizvodnji jabuka, a deficitaran u proizvodnji šljiva (-181.7%) i grožđa (-99.1%). Region Srbija-Jug suficitaran je u proizvodnji analiziranih vrsta voća (jabuka 43.0% i šljiva 50.9%) i grožđa (45.2%)

Indicators of sustainable development performance: Case study of European Union countries

A sustainable development strategy is an essential long-term strategy that aims to bring about a balance of three key policy factors: sustainable economic growth and economic and technological development, sustainable development of society based on social equality, and environmental protection with a rational use of natural resources. The sustainable development strategy is very complex and contains a large number of indicators, so one of the statistical methods that can be used for this complex problem is the I-distance method. It was created as a need to rank countries according to the level of socio-economic development and the problem was how to take advantage of all the indicators in order to calculate a synthetic indicator which would represent the rank. The I-distance method in this paper is used for the ranking of 18 countries of the European Union based on ten indicators that have been selected in accordance with the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. The used headline indicators come from the following areas: socio-economic development, sustainable consumption and production, social inclusion, demographic changes, public health, climate change and energy, sustainable transport, and global partnership. By analysing the initial set of indicators and their correlation coefficients with the found I-distance values, the following most important indicators were found: official development assistance as a share of the gross national income, employment rate of older workers, healthy life years and life expectancy at birth (males), energy consumption of transport relative to GDP etc. Countries that occupied the top three places were Sweden, Luxembourg, and Finland while Croatia, Poland, and Slovenia occupied the last three places

Ranking EU Countries According to Their Level of Success in Achieving the Objectives of the Sustainable Development Strategy

Sustainable development as a concept, is extremely important both at national and international levels. To achieve the goals of sustainable development, international cooperation among countries is of vital importance because no one nation can accomplish these goals independently. In order to implement the sustainable development strategy, first discussed in 1992 at the UN Conference of Environment and Development, the indicators of sustainable development first had to be defined. Considering that the first set of indicators was defined by the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), they were entitled CSD indicators. The smaller set of CSD indicators in the European Union countries (EU-28) is observed in this study. These indicators cover three aspects of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental. The goal of this study is to rank EU countries according to the level that they were able to achieve the objectives of their respective sustainable development strategies individually, according to the 2013 database. The appropriate statistical I-distance method was used for this purpose. In the first step, the significant indicators are distinguished and ranked according to the quantity and importance of the information they provide for specific research. Subsequently, this method then converts the indicators into a single measure that reflects the level at which each country has achieved the goal

Regional characteristics of market production of fruit and grapes in Serbia

In the paper analyzes the trends in the development of market production of fruit (on the example of the apple and the plum) and grapes in Serbia from 1976 to 2015. The grouping of the Serbian districts according to the degree of the market production of fruit and grapes in 2015 was performed by a cluster analysis, on the basis of the six features of production, five features of the capacities, and five features of development. According to the data for 2015, the degree of the marketability of apples in Serbia was 47.7%, plums 15.9%, and grapes 18.3%. The Serbia-North Region shows a surplus in the production of apples, and a deficit in the production of plums (-181.7%) and grapes (-99.1%). The Serbia-South Region has a surplus in the production of the analyzed kinds of fruit (the apple accounting for 43.0%, and the plum 50.9%) and grapes (45.2%)

Factorial analysis of slaughter characteristics of fattening pigs fed different additives-enzyme and probiotic in mixtures

To successfully investigate slaughter characteristics of fattening pigs fed in different ways, this experiment was carried out on Experimental Farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun. Investigation of correlation between slaughter traits of pigs fed with different additives in their nutrition was done by factorial analysis. Slaughter characteristics in three groups of fattening pigs fed in different ways were observed. The first group (variant 1) consisted of fatteners fed diets without any special additives. The second group (variant 2) consisted of pigs fed diets containing enzyme Rovabio, and the third group (variant 3) probiotic Lacture Microbond. This study was aimed at coming to conclusion based on the results of factorial analysis of the observed traits to the greatest extent which determined slaughter traits of pigs fed diets containing different additives. The results obtained in general, that is, the structure of separated factors showed that different slaughter characteristics are realized with different nutrition

Evaluation of Sustainable Development Management in EU Countries

The term sustainable development is used in many areas and spheres of life and is becoming a modern phenomenon determining the direction of progress of every society. Sustainable development implies continuous economic development with respect to environmental principles and focuses on overcoming conflicts between economy and ecology. The aim of this paper is to evaluate sustainable development management in EU countries through selected indicators characterizing sustainable development and its core dimensions. We present the results of an evaluation of the sustainable development of EU countries using cluster analysis. Countries that are similar in terms of sustainability are identified by cluster analysis. Four clusters were separated, the affiliation of each country to a particular cluster was determined, and the characteristics of each cluster were defined. The goal of sustainability management is to create an adequate approach to development of the economic and environmental performance, and therefore achieve sustainability. The achievements of most developed countries should be an incentive for those that are at a lower level of development. In addition, this research provides insight into some specific goals of sustainable development where some countries are lagging behind. This could be the basis for directing efforts in specific areas of sustainable development to improve their own position in such an important global issue

Metode prikupljanja podataka u poljoprivredi

First organized and qualified data collection through census was conducted in Serbia in 1834 and since then it becomes a regular action, originally, five-year and then ten-year action. Three decades later, the statistical office was founded as a separate state body. Since then, the statistical system of Serbia is developing constantly as required by changes and development of society. To meet upcoming events on the path to European integration, current changes of statistical system of Serbia is related to its adjustment to the statistical system of the European Union. For this reason it is necessary to improve the system of agricultural statistics. As a first step towards that improvement is implementation of the Census of Agriculture 2012 and induction of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The implementation of the mentioned agricultural surveys provides a good database in agriculture which can significantly affect the improvement of agricultural production but also to facilitate decision making by creators of agricultural policy in order to develop the rural areas. Since the Farm Accountancy Data Network is а survey based on a sample, a part of the thesis is devoted to the Theory of sampling. Estimation and conclusion based on a sample can be vital if we made a good sample selection, i.e., if the sample is representative. Sampling theory recognizes several sampling plans, and in this research focus is on random sampling plans, with a stratified sampling plan studied in detail. The main reason for this is its frequent use in agricultural research. The dissertation discusses the key issue relating to the sample selection plan after the stratification of the basic set, a simple random sample or a systematic sample. Also, the question of the choice of proportional or optimal allocation when determining the sample size in each stratum is discussed. The basic aim of this research is that the methodology of data collection in agriculture in EU countries is consider and adjust to our conditions...Prvo organizovano i kvalifikovano prikupljanje podataka putem popisa stanovništva u Srbiji sprovedeno je 1834. godine i od tada popis stanovništva postaje redovna, prvobitno, petogodišnja, a kasnije desetogodišnja akcija. Tri decenije kasnije osniva se i statistička služba, kao zaseban državni organ. Od tada je statistički sistem Srbije u stalnom razvoju kako nalažu promene i razvoj društva. Trenutno aktuelne izmene statističkog sistema Srbije, u susret predstojećim dešavanjima na putu evropskih integracija, odnose se na prilagođavanje funkcionisanju statističkog sistema Evropske Unije. Iz tog razloga neophodno je poboljšanje sistema poljoprivredne statistike, a kao prvi korak ka tom poboljšanju je sprovođenje Popisa poljoprivrede 2012. godine i uvođenje mreže knjigovodstvenih podataka na farmama (eng. Farm Accountancy Data Network – FADN). Sprovođenje pomenutih poljoprivrednih istraživanja obezbeđuje dobru bazu podataka u poljoprivredi što u značajnoj meri može da utiče na poboljšanje poljoprivredne proizvodnje ali i da kreatorima agrarne politike omogući donošenje relevantnih odluka u cilju razvoja ruralnih područja. S obzirom da je mreža knjigovodstvenih podataka na farmama istraživanje na osnovu uzorka, jedan deo disertacije je posvećen teoriji uzoraka. Ocenjivanje i zaključivanje na osnovu uzorka može biti od vitalnog značaja ukoliko je napravljen dobar izbor uzorka iz osnovnog skupa, odnosno ukoliko je uzorak reprezentativan. Teorija uzoraka prepoznaje nekoliko planova uzorkovanja, a u okviru ovog istraživanja pažnja je posvećena planovima slučajnog uzorkovanja, pri čemu je stratifikovani plan uzorkovanja detaljnije proučavan. Osnovni razlog za to je njegova česta primena u poljoprivrednim istraživanjima. Razmatrano je ključno pitanje koje se odnosi na izbor plana uzorka nakon stratifikacije osnovnog skupa, prost slučajan ili sistematski uzorak, kao i pitanje izbora proporcionalanog ili optimalanog rasporeda prilikom određivanja veličine uzorka iz svakog stratuma..

Methods of data collection in agriculture

Прво организовано и квалификовано прикупљање података путем пописа становништва у Србији спроведено је 1834. године и од тада попис становништва постаје редовна, првобитно, петогодишња, а касније десетогодишња акција. Три деценије касније оснива се и статистичка служба, као засебан државни орган. Од тада је статистички систем Србије у сталном развоју како налажу промене и развој друштва. Тренутно актуелне измене статистичког система Србије, у сусрет предстојећим дешавањима на путу европских интеграција, односе се на прилагођавање функционисању статистичког система Европске Уније. Из тог разлога неопходно је побољшање система пољопривредне статистике, а као први корак ка том побољшању је спровођење Пописа пољопривреде 2012. године и увођење мреже књиговодствених података на фармама (енг. Farm Accountancy Data Network – FADN). Спровођење поменутих пољопривредних истраживања обезбеђује добру базу података у пољопривреди што у значајној мери може да утиче на побољшање пољопривредне производње али и да креаторима аграрне политике омогући доношење релевантних одлука у циљу развоја руралних подручја. С обзиром да је мрежа књиговодствених података на фармама истраживање на основу узорка, један део дисертације је посвећен теорији узорака. Оцењивање и закључивање на основу узорка може бити од виталног значаја уколико је направљен добар избор узорка из основног скупа, односно уколико је узорак репрезентативан. Теорија узорака препознаје неколико планова узорковања, а у оквиру овог истраживања пажња је посвећена плановима случајног узорковања, при чему је стратификовани план узорковања детаљније проучаван. Основни разлог за то је његова честа примена у пољопривредним истраживањима. Разматрано је кључно питање које се односи на избор плана узорка након стратификације основног скупа, прост случајан или систематски узорак, као и питање избора пропорционаланог или оптималаног распореда приликом одређивања величине узорка из сваког стратума...First organized and qualified data collection through census was conducted in Serbia in 1834 and since then it becomes a regular action, originally, five-year and then ten-year action. Three decades later, the statistical office was founded as a separate state body. Since then, the statistical system of Serbia is developing constantly as required by changes and development of society. To meet upcoming events on the path to European integration, current changes of statistical system of Serbia is related to its adjustment to the statistical system of the European Union. For this reason it is necessary to improve the system of agricultural statistics. As a first step towards that improvement is implementation of the Census of Agriculture 2012 and induction of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The implementation of the mentioned agricultural surveys provides a good database in agriculture which can significantly affect the improvement of agricultural production but also to facilitate decision making by creators of agricultural policy in order to develop the rural areas. Since the Farm Accountancy Data Network is а survey based on a sample, a part of the thesis is devoted to the Theory of sampling. Estimation and conclusion based on a sample can be vital if we made a good sample selection, i.e., if the sample is representative. Sampling theory recognizes several sampling plans, and in this research focus is on random sampling plans, with a stratified sampling plan studied in detail. The main reason for this is its frequent use in agricultural research. The dissertation discusses the key issue relating to the sample selection plan after the stratification of the basic set, a simple random sample or a systematic sample. Also, the question of the choice of proportional or optimal allocation when determining the sample size in each stratum is discussed. The basic aim of this research is that the methodology of data collection in agriculture in EU countries is consider and adjust to our conditions..