Descartes, pionir prosvjetiteljstva

The article addresses the fundamental elements of Descartes’ embeddedness in the mediaeval and ancient tradition. The more elaborate explication of the common elements, shared by Descartes and his predecessors, enables us to reveal more clearly the rupture point in Descartes’ thought, and shows clearly in the direction of his undisputed legacy for the later times, including French Materialism. Special attention is paid to M. Heidegger’s claim, based on his specific understanding of the history of philosophy, that Descartes represents the paradigmatic shift in the self-understanding of man, which crucially marks the latter development of philosophy, both idealistic and materialistic. Yet another author worthy of explicating in this context is M. A. Gillespie, who clearly adopts Heidegger’s view and further corroborates Descartes’ ontological shift to be read from his markedly different theology.Članak se bavi osnovnim elementima Descartesove uklopljenosti u srednjovjekovnu i antičku tradiciju. Opširnije objašnjenje zajedničkih elemenata koje je Descartes dijelio sa svojim prethodnicima omogućuje nam da preciznije odredimo točku raskida u Descartesovoj misli te jasno ukazuje na njegovo neosporno naslijeđe za kasnija razdoblja, uključujući i francuski materijalizam. Posebna pažnja posvećena je tvrdnji M. Heideggera, koja se temelji na njegovom specifičnom shvaćanju povijesti filozofije, da Descartes predstavlja paradigmatski pomak u samoshvaćanju čovjeka, koja je značajno obilježila kasniji razvoj filozofije, kako one idealističke tako i materijalističke. Još jedan autor kojega vrijedi spomenuti u ovom kontekstu je M. A. Gillespie, koji jasno prihvaća Heideggerov stav te nadalje potvrđuje kako bi se Descartesov ontološki pomak trebao sagledati sa stajališta njegove izrazito drukčije teologije

Boredom with Husserl and Beyond

The present treatise tackles the phenomenon of boredom by first providing reasons for evading the dualistic approach to the phenomenon addressed. Based on the Cartesian criticism of the oversimplified dualist approach of neuroscience, the paper delves into the phenomenological approach to the phenomenon of boredom, as could be only indirectly surmised from Husserl’s (basically Cartesian) transcendental phenomenology of time consciousness. The next chapter deals with Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology as implicated in his compelling and as of yet unsurpassed analysis of the phenomenon of boredom. Through approaching the phenomenon of boredom via Husserl and Heidegger, the basic discontinuity between Husserl’s transcendental and Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology comes clearly to the fore

5-Hydroxy-1-aryl-4-pyridone-2-carboxylic Acid Esters as Chelating and Extracting Agents. I. Extraction and Separation of Tantalum(V) and Niobium(V) from Oxalate Solutions

The extraction of niobium and tantalum from oxalate solution has been studied using the esters of 5-hydroxy-l-aryl-4-pyridone- 2-carboxylic acid as extractants. The influence of the concentration of hydrochloric, sulphuric, hydrofluoric and oxalic acids on the extraction of niobium and tantalum has been investigated. The dependence of the extraction of these metals upon the concentration of the extractant in the organic phase was also studied. A procedure for the separation of niobium from tantalum directly from oxalate solution is described. The radionuclides 95Nb and 182Ta were used for the determination of the distribution coefficients

5-Hydroxy-1-aryl-4-pyridone-2-carboxylic Acid Esters as Chelating and Extracting Agents. I. Extraction and Separation of Tantalum(V) and Niobium(V) from Oxalate Solutions

The extraction of niobium and tantalum from oxalate solution has been studied using the esters of 5-hydroxy-l-aryl-4-pyridone- 2-carboxylic acid as extractants. The influence of the concentration of hydrochloric, sulphuric, hydrofluoric and oxalic acids on the extraction of niobium and tantalum has been investigated. The dependence of the extraction of these metals upon the concentration of the extractant in the organic phase was also studied. A procedure for the separation of niobium from tantalum directly from oxalate solution is described. The radionuclides 95Nb and 182Ta were used for the determination of the distribution coefficients

Stability of head weight in cabbage accessions (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

An understanding of the causes of genotype x environment interaction can help in identifying traits and environments for better cultivar evaluation. The fact that head formation depends on other factors besides the cabbage accessions involved, makes it necessary to investigate accessions responses to agroecological growing conditions. Studied in the present paper was the stability of 21 cabbage accessions (10 cultivars and 11 F1-hybrids) with regard to head weight over three growing seasons. Joint analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the cabbage accessions, study years and accessions x year interactions. The parameter stability test showed that seven of the accessions (Kopenhaski and Elisa-F1 as early type; Tucana-F1 as summer type; Srpski melez, SG-3014, Ljubljanski and Rodeo-F1 as late type) significantly deviated from the regression line. Four of the seven accessions are cultivars and three F1-hybrids. These accessions had quite different regression coefficients around or above the value of one. Analysis of stability parameters for head weight showed the following accessions to be very stable: Copenhagen market (an early variety), Grenadier-F1 (a summer cabbage) and Ljubljanski (a late variety).Key words: Stability, variety, cabbage, interaction, growing

Phase Fluctuations and Pseudogap Properties: Influence of Nonmagnetic Impurities

The presence of nonmagnetic impurities in a 2D ``bad metal'' depresses the superconducting Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature, while leaving the pairing energy scale unchanged. Thus the region of the pseudogap non-superconducting phase, where the modulus of the order parameter is non-zero but its phase is random, and which opens at the pairing temperature is substantially bigger than for the clean system. This supports the premise that fluctuations in the phase of the order parameter can in principle describe the pseudogap phenomena in high-$T_c$ materials over a rather wide range of temperatures and carrier densities. The temperature dependence of the bare superfluid density is also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 1 EPS figure; final version to appear in Low.Temp.Phy

Philosophy of Religion: Between Onto-Theology and Onto-Cosmology

Članak obrađuje složeni odnos između filozofije i teologije, posebice s obzirom na Heideggerovu kritiku onto-teologije. Posebna je pažnja posvećena Heideggerovu spisu »Fenomenologija i teologija«, u kojemu se između filozofije i teologije postavlja oštra podjela, pri čemu se potonja treba shvatiti kao pozitivna znanost o kršćanstvu, o tubitku kao vjerovanju. Članak pokušava potkopati apsolutnost ove razlike tvrdeći da se tubitak kao takav ne može uvjerljivo razlikovati od tubitka kao vjerovanja utemeljenog na kriteriju vjere. Ako vjera - shvaćena u iskonskom smislu kao pistis, kao temeljno povjerenje u bitak – spada među fundamentalne egzistencijale tubitka, i ako je Heideggerov tubitak uvijek otvoren za otvorenost svijeta, zbog čega bi njegova filozofija mogla biti strogo shvaćena kao onto-kozmo-logija, tada treba artikulirati razliku između onto-kozmologije i onto-teologije. U tom se kontekstu ističu dva autora, koji su uspjeli izbjeći zamku zaborava bitka: Eugen Fink sa svojom filozofskom fenomenološkom analizom svijeta i Jean-Luc Marion sa svojom teološkom fenomenološkom raspravom o Bogu bez bitka. Razlici između filozofskog i teološkog pristupa ne-ontičkom tlu (bilo u obliku svijeta ili Boga) stoga treba pristupiti pomoću pojma igre i dara. Oba ova pojma i fenomena, kako je prikazano u članku, uspijevaju izbjeći metafiziku prisutnosti. Tada ostaje pitanje kako misliti zajedničko polje filozofije i teologije bez gubljenja njihovih značajki. Jedan je mogući način pozabaviti se razlikom između, kao i isprepletenošću, zahvalnosti (za darivanje dara) i radosti (u igranju igre svijeta).The paper tackles the complex relationship between philosophy and theology, especially given Heidegger\u27s criticism of onto-theology. Special attention is paid to Heidegger\u27s paper “Phenomenology and Theology”, where a strong divide is set between philosophy and theology, where the latter is to be understood as a positive science of Christianity, of Dasein as believing. The paper attempts to undermine the absoluteness of this difference by claiming that Dasein as such cannot be compellingly distinguished from Dasein as believing based on the criterion of faith. If faith – understood in the primordial sense of pistis, as basic trust in being – belongs among fundamental existentiales of Dasein, and if Heidegger\u27s Dasein is always open to the openness of the world, which is why his philosophy could be strictly understood as onto-cosmology, then a difference between onto-cosmology and onto-theology needs to be articulated. Two authors stand out in this context, who have managed to avoid the trap of the oblivion of being: Eugen Fink with his philosophical phenomenological analysis of the world and Jean-Luc Marion with his theological phenomenological treatise on God without being. The difference between the philosophical and theological approach to the non-ontic ground (be it in the form of the world or God) should, therefore, be tackled employing the concept of play and gift. Both these concepts and phenomena, as the paper shows, manage to avoid the metaphysics of presence. The question then remains how are we to think the common ground of philosophy and theology without losing their distinctive features. One possible way is to address the difference between, as well as the intertwining of, gratitude (for the giving of the gift) and joviality (in playing the play of the world)

Limits of Eidetic Dominance

Eidetska vladavina Husserlove filozofije najprije se odražava u odnosu transcendentalnog subjekta prema vremenu i povijesti. Vladavina eidetike iskazuje suverenost subjekta koji je kadar dosegnuti razinu bezvremenog i onkrajpovijesnog kao najviše, čisto biće čistog Ja. Eugen Fink, Husserlov asistent, svojom šestom kartezijanskom meditacijom pokazuje kako transcendentalna konstitucija u svojoj aktivnosti ne može biti posve čista zato jer nalijeće na prepreku konstitucije onog ništa bića. Time se već otvara Heideggerova filozofija bitka, koja je zapravo usidrena u refleksiji onog ništa bića.Eidetic dominance of Husserl’s philosophy is first and foremost evinced in transcendental subject’s relation to time and history. The dominance of eidetics further evinces the sovereignty of the subject, who can reach the level of the extratemporal and ahistorical as the highest, purest being of the pure ego. With his sixth Cartesian meditation, Eugen Fink, Husserl’s assistant, convincingly shows how transcendental constitution in its activity cannot be purely pure exactly because it experiences the rub of the constitution of the nothing of beings. And with it there opens up the arena of Heidegger’s philosophy of being, which is actually anchored in the reflection on this very nothing of beings

Psychopathy, personality and criminal recidivism: a multimethod approach

U ovom istraživanju psihopatija je posmatrana u širem kontekstu mernih metoda, kao i odnosa kako sa bazičnim crtama ličnosti, tako i sa stabilnim vršenjem krivičnih dela. Cilj studije je bio dobijanje što preciznijih informacija o odnosima psihopatije merene pomoću različitih metoda, ličnosti i recidiva u populaciji institucionalizovanih izvršilaca krivičnih dela. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 156 muških ispitanika (starosni prosek 34.7 godina, SD=9.85) koji su u vreme prikupljanja podaka izdržavali kaznu u dve penalne institucije u Srbiji. Psihopatija je merena metodom samoprocene, pomoću SRP3 upitnika i metodom rejtinga, odnosno korišćenjem intervjua (PCL-R skala) i informacija iz osuĎeničkih dosijea. Za eksploraciju crta ličnosti korišćen je upitnik HEXACOPI- R koji meri 6 širokih domena: Poštenje-Skromnost, Ekstraverziju, Emocionalnost, Saradljivost, Savesnost i Otvorenost. Dalje, merene su dve dodatne dispozicije koje su konceptualno povezane sa psihopatijom i kriminalitetom: šizotipija, dispozicija ka doživljavanju iskustava nalik psihotičnim, operacionalizovana preko konstrukta Dezintegracije (merena instrumentom DELTA10) i Amoralnost, crta koja ispituje uže tendencije ka amoralnom i antisocijalnom ponašanju (ispitana upitnikom AMORAL9). Najzad, u istraživanju su prikupljene i dve mere pomoću računarski administriranih testova: 1. Test kockanja, koji ispituje tendecije ka impulsivnom rizikovanju bazirane na disfunkcijama orbitofrontalnih zona korteksa prefrontalnog korteksa i 2. Test implicitnih asocijacija koji je ispitivao implicitne afektivne asocijacije na vizuelne stimuluse koje karakteriše nasilje. Kriminalni recidiv je evidentiran pomoću informacija o broju krivičnih dela, pravnosnažnih presuda i broju boravaka u institucijama kazneno-popravnog tipa. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji niska do umerena pozitivna korelacija izmeĎu psihopatskih crta merenih različitim metodama ali da je prisutan nedostatak kongruencije kada je u pitanju crta Interpersonalnog stila (manipulativnost, prevrtljivost, iskorišćavanje drugih): ove dve mere su ortogonalne. Nedostatak kongruence je objašnjen složenošću rejting mere Interpersonalnog stila: ona u sebi sadrži i adaptivne karakteristike, ali predstavlja i pro-kriminalnu dispoziciju koja utiče na stabilnost prestupništva. Dakle, ovi nalazi pokazuju da endogene psihopatske crte ličnosti merene pomoću rejting metode poseduju i adaptibilne potencijale koji mogu potpomoći psihološko funkcionisanje. Ova složenost ne postoji kod istovetne crte merene samoprocenom. Razlika izmeĎu mera psihopatije je vidljiva i u odnosima sa drugim konstruktima: sa ličnošću su uglavnom povezane mere samoprocenjene psihopatije, dok rejting mere znatno više asociraju sa kriminalnim recidivom. Opis psihopatije pomoću bazičnih crta je saglasan sa prethodnim istraživanjima: ona se bazira na nisko izraženim dimenzijama Poštenja-Skromnosti, Emocionalnosti, Saradljivosti i Savesnosti, uz dodatak visoko izražene Dezintegracije i Amoralnosti. Rezultati nisu potvrdili sposobnosti Testa kockanja da predvidi recidiv, niti njegove asocijacije sa psihopatijom. Sa druge strane, postignuće na IAT testu se pokazalo kao važno za razumevanje odreĎenih personalnih dispozicija ali i stabilnosti kriminalnog ponašanja: slabija sposobnost generisanja negativnih emocija kao reakcija na nasilne stimuluse se zasniva na sadistički moduliranim šizotipalnim disfunkcijama i u stanju je da predvidi penalni recidiv kod ispitanika. Dakle, rezultati istraživanja su omogućili preciznije razumevanje crte Interpersonalnog stila, odnosno njene dvostruke prirode; proširili su i produbili znanje o odnosima izmeĎu psihopatije, bazičnih crta ličnosti, šizotipije i Amoralnosti; omogućili uvid u asocijacije implicitnog procesiranja stimulusa koje karakteriše nasilje sa sadizmom i penalnim recidivom i u praktičnom smislu ponudili nove mere koje bi mogle da obogate metodološku bateriju za procenu rizika od kriminalnog recidiva.In this research, psychopathy is viewed in the wider context of measurement methods, and the relationships with the basic personality traits, as well as with a stable criminal behavior. The aim of the study was to obtain more precise information about the relationships of psychopathy measured by different methods, personality and criminal recidivism in a population of institutionalized offenders. The study included 156 male subjects (average age 34.7 years , SD = 9.85), who were serving their sentence in two penal institutions in Serbia at the time of the data collecting. Psychopathy was measured using a self-report (SRP3 questionnaire) and a rating method, based on the interviews and information from the offenders' files (PCL -R scale). HEXACO-PI-R inventory was used for the exploration of the participants' personality traits. It measures six broad domains of personality: Honesty- Humility, Extraversion, Emotionality, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness. Furthermore, two additional dispositions that are conceptually related to psychopathy and criminality were measured: schizotipy, a disposition toward psychotic-like experiences operationalized by the construct of Disintegration (and measured with DELTA10 inventory) and Amorality, a trait that refers to the more narrow tendencies toward amoral and antisocial behavior (explored via AMORAL9 questionnaire). Finally, two measures based on computer-administered tests were also collected in this study: 1. Gambling Task, which examines a tendency toward impulsive risk taking, based on the dysfunctions of the orbitofrontal area of prefrontal cortex and 2. Implicit Association Test, which examined implicit affective associations to the visual stimuli characterized by violence. Criminal recidivism was registered by taking several types of information from the offenders' personal files: information on the number of offenses, lawful sentences that participants have and the number of prison sentences (penal recidivism) that respondents had already served. The results showed that there is a low to moderate positive correlation between psychopathic traits measured by different methods, but there is a lack of congruence when it comes to the Interpersonal psychopathic style (manipulative behavior, glibness and superficial charm, taking advantage of others): these two measures of psychopathy are orthogonal. The lack of congruence is explained by the complexity of the rating measure of Interpersonal style: it contains adaptive features, but it is also a pro-criminal disposition that affects the stability of delinquency. Thus, these findings suggest that endogenous psychopathic personality traits measured by the rating method of PCL-R, possess an adaptable potentials that can facilitate psychological functioning. This complexity does not exist with identical traits measured by selfreport. The difference between the measures of psychopathy is evident in relations with other constructs: self-reported measures of psychopathy are related to personality traits to a higher degree, while rating measures are significantly more associated with criminal recidivism. Description of psychopathy using the basic personality traits is consistent with previous research: it is based on the low pronounced dimensions of Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, with the addition of highly expressed Disintegration and Amorality. The results did not confirm the ability of Gambling Task to predict the stability of criminal behavior, nor its association with psychopathy. On the other hand, the performance on the IAT test proved to be important for the understanding of certain personality dispositions and criminal recidivism: weaker ability to generate negative emotions in response to violent stimuli is based on sadistically modulated schizotypal dysfunctions and is able to predict penal recidivism in offenders. Therefore, the results have enabled a more precise understanding of the features of Interpersonal style and its dual nature; they have expanded and deepened knowledge about the relationship between psychopathy, basic personality traits, schizotypy and Amorality; provided some insight into the association of implicit processing of stimuli that are characterized by violence with sadism and penal recidivism; and in practical terms, offered new measures that could enrich the methodological battery for the assessment of the risk of criminal relapse