Suscetibilidade antifúngica de isolados clínicos e ambientais de Cryptococcus neoformans na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

We evaluated the antifungal activities of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole in 70 Cryptococcus neoformans strains obtained from cerebrospinal fluid from AIDS patients and 40 C. neoformans strains isolated from the environment. Four clinical isolates were identified as C. neoformans var. gattii. The susceptibility test was done using a broth microdilution method according to NCCLS M27-A2. Range minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for C. neoformans clinical isolates were 0.06-1.0 µg/mL for amphotericin B, 0.125-8 µg/mL for fluconazole, 0.03-0.5 µg/mL for itraconazole and 0.03-0.25 µg/mL for voriconazole. C. neoformans environmental isolates showed range MICs 0.015-0.125 µg/mL, 0.25-2.0 µg/mL, 0.007-0.125 µg/mL and 0.03-0.25 µg/mL for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole respectively. The MICs results obtained from clinical and environmental isolates showed similar pattern of susceptibility and no resistance has been found in our isolates.A atividade antifúngica de anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol e voriconazol foi avaliada em 70 amostras de Cryptococcus neoformans isoladas de liquido céfalo raquidiano (LCR) de pacientes com AIDS e em 40 amostras de C. neoformans obtidas do meio ambiente. Dentre os isolados 66 foram identificados como C. neoformans var. neoformans e quatro isolados clínicos, como C. neoformans var. gattii. Para a realização dos testes de suscetibilidade foi utilizado o método de microdiluição em meio líquido segundo o NCCLS M27-A2. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIMs) para os isolados clínicos variaram de 0,06-1,0 µg/mL para anfotericina B, 0,125-8 µg/mL para fluconazol, 0,03-0,5 µg/mL para itraconazol e 0,03-0,25 µg/mL para voriconazol, enquanto que para as amostras ambientais de C. neoformans as concentrações inibitórias variaram de 0,015-0,125 µg/mL, 0,25-2,0 µg/mL, 0,007-0,125 µg/mL e 0,03-0,25 µg/mL para anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol e voriconazol, respectivamente. Os resultados das concentrações inibitórias mínimas obtidas para os isolados clínicos e ambientais mostraram semelhança com relação ao perfil de suscetibilidade, não tendo sido encontrados isolados resistentes a nenhum dos antifúngicos, levando-se em consideração a metodologia e critério de interpretação estudados

Antifungal activity from Ocimum gratissimum L. towards Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcal infection had an increased incidence in last years due to the explosion of acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic and by using new and effective immunosuppressive agents. The currently antifungal therapies used such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole have certain limitations due to side effects and emergence of resistant strains. So, a permanent search to find new drugs for cryptococcosis treatment is essential. Ocimum gratissimum, plant known as alfavaca (Labiatae family), has been reported earlier with in vitro activity against some bacteria and dermatophytes. In our work, we study the in vitro activity of the ethanolic crude extract, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroformic fractions, essential oil, and eugenol of O. gratissimum using an agar dilution susceptibility method towards 25 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans   . All the extracts of O. gratissimum studied showed activity in vitro towards C. neoformans. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentration values the most significant results were obtained with chloroformic fraction and eugenol. It was observed that chloroformic fraction inhibited 23 isolates (92%) of C. neoformans at a concentration of 62.5 μg/ml and eugenol inhibited 4 isolates (16%) at a concentration of 0.9 μg/ml. This screening may be the basis for the study of O. gratissimum as a possible antifungal agent

Antifungal activity from Ocimum gratissimum L. towards Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcal infection had an increased incidence in last years due to the explosion of acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic and by using new and effective immunosuppressive agents. The currently antifungal therapies used such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole have certain limitations due to side effects and emergence of resistant strains. So, a permanent search to find new drugs for cryptococcosis treatment is essential. Ocimum gratissimum, plant known as alfavaca (Labiatae family), has been reported earlier with in vitro activity against some bacteria and dermatophytes. In our work, we study the in vitro activity of the ethanolic crude extract, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroformic fractions, essential oil, and eugenol of O. gratissimum using an agar dilution susceptibility method towards 25 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans   . All the extracts of O. gratissimum studied showed activity in vitro towards C. neoformans. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentration values the most significant results were obtained with chloroformic fraction and eugenol. It was observed that chloroformic fraction inhibited 23 isolates (92%) of C. neoformans at a concentration of 62.5 μg/ml and eugenol inhibited 4 isolates (16%) at a concentration of 0.9 μg/ml. This screening may be the basis for the study of O. gratissimum as a possible antifungal agent

Identificação de espécies de Malassezia em pacientes com pitiríase versicolor em Goiânia-GO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a freqüência de pitiríase versicolor e identificar leveduras do gênero Malassezia, de pacientes encaminhados ao laboratório de Micologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás em Goiânia. Foram diagnosticados 95 casos de pitíriase versicolor e identificados quatro espécies de Malassezia: Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodialis, Malassezia globosa e Malassezia obtusa

Epidemiologia e etiologia das dermatofitoses em Goiânia, GO, Brasil Epidemiology and etiology of dermatophytosis in Goiânia, GO, Brazil

Os dermatófitos são um grupo de fungos taxonomicamente relacionados que têm a capacidade de invadir os tecidos queratinizados (pele, pêlo e unha) dos homens e animais produzindo infecções denominadas dermatofitoses. Com o intuito de avaliar a epidemiologia e etiologia das infecções causadas por estes fungos em Goiânia, GO, foram examinadas no Laboratório de Micologia do Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, de janeiro a dezembro de 1999, 1.955 amostras de indivíduos com suspeita clínica de dermatofitoses. Foram isolados 445 (22,8%) cepas de dermatófitos e identificados principalmente Trichophyton rubrum (49,4%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (30,8%) e Microsporum canis (12,6%). Quanto à localização das lesões, os membros inferiores, unhas dos pés e couro cabeludo foram as regiões mais acometidas. Neste estudo foram avaliados dados correlacionados a sexo, faixa etária, local das lesões e agente etiológico.<br>Dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nails) of humans and animals to produce infections called dermatophytosis. In order to review the etiology and epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Goiânia, GO, 1955 specimens with diagnostic suspicion of dermatophytic lesions, were collected from January to December, 1999, from the Mycology Laboratory in the Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás. A total of 445 (22.8%) samples were positive for dermatophytes and Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated species (49.4%) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (30.8%) and Microsporum canis (12.6%). Concerning the location of the lesions, the inferior limbs, feet and nails together with tinea capitis were the most frequently found clinical pattern in the majority of patients. Correlation between sex, age, location of the lesions and etiologic agents is considered in the study