1,505 research outputs found

    Gendered Representations of Apartheid: The Women’s Jail Museum at Constitution Hill

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    This article examines the ways in which women are represented and remembered at The Women’s Jail at Constitution Hill museum, a former women’s jail that was used to incarcerate women during apartheid in Johannesburg, South Africa. Based on fieldwork at the museum, this study examines how the memory of the former prisoners and of the apartheid regime is shaped and narrated at this site. Situating our analysis within the context of the collective memory of apartheid, we examine how the museum uses artifacts and objects to depict both the specific forms of gendered dehumanization that women experienced at the jail, as well as their journeys to incarceration as a result of discriminatory apartheid laws. We also examine the absence of torture memory and references to hierarchical structures and interactions within the jail itself, noting that these were important dynamics of prison life that are not represented in the museum. This research presents a content and visual analysis of how the use of images and artifacts may illuminate and/or silence specific memories of degradation and humiliation in a museum space.Key Words: Collective Memory, Museums, Representation, South Africa, ApartheidMemorialization, Gender and Memorializatio

    Hours of Paid Work in Duel Earner Couples: The U.S. in Cross-National Perspective

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    In this paper we examine the hours of paid work of husbands and wives in ten industrialized countries, using data from the Luxembourg Income Study. We present results on the average hours of paid work put in jointly by couples, on the proportion working very long weekly hours, and on gender equality in working time within families. The United States ranks at or near the top on most indicators of working time for couples, because of 1) a high proportion of dual-earner couples; 2) long average work weeks, especially among women; and 3) a high proportion of individuals who work very long hours. In terms of gender equality, the U.S. ranks above average in paid working time among dual-earner couples with no children, but fares less well among working parents. Finally, we discuss policies and institutions that may help explain the distinctive U.S. results - namely the long hours and moderate levels of gender equality - including the regulation of maximum hours, the demand for part-time work, and the public provision of child care

    Gender, the Welfare State, and Public Employment: A Comparative Study of Seven Industrialized Countries

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    This paper explores the influence of government employment on the gender gap in earnings in seven countries, using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). The size of the public sector and women's concentration in government employment varies widely across industrialized countries. We develop and test predictions about how the public/private earnings differential varies across countries. The results indicate marked variation across liberal, conservative, and social democratic welfare states, but reveal a number of uniformities as well. We find that public-sector workers earn more, on average, than those working in the private sector in most countries in our sample. The smallest public-sector earnings premia are found in the social democratic countries and the largest are evident in the liberal welfare states. Thus, public employment provides relatively few but comparatively high-paying jobs for women in liberal welfare state, while the social democracies government positions are more numerous but comparatively low-paying. We discuss the implications of these results for theory and research on gender and the welfare state

    Sophtalk tutorials

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    This paper presents the Sophtalk system through two tutorials that describe salient features of the system and explore appropriate design methods. Sophtalk implements an event model of communication. System objects, called stnodes, emit messages when significant events occur, such as the termination of a computation, a request for a service from another object, error condition- s, etc. Messages circulate asynchronously in a network of stnodes. An stnode's type determines which messages it will receive, upon reception an action corresponding to the message and stnode instance is triggered. In the first tutorial, a small network in which a calculator - possibly in a seperate process - serves several clients, we introduce the essential Sophtalk functionalities. In the second tutorial a news network, we concentrat- e on design aspects and illustrate traps to be avoided

    Biochemical Composition of Embryonic Blue Crabs \u3ci\u3eCallinectes sapidus\u3c/i\u3e Rathbun 1896 (Crustacea : Decapoda) from the Gulf of Mexico

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    Blue crab Callinectes sapidus embryos from the Mississippi Sound were sampled in spring and in late summer to determine patterns of biochemical composition and of yolk utilization during embryogenesis and to ascertain potential seasonal differences in biochemical composition. The diameter of spring embryos was similar to 6% greater than summer embryos but this significant size difference was due to increased water content, not to increased organic content. The general trend in initial biochemical composition was similar in both seasons; protein was the primary component at similar to 50% of initial dry weight followed by lipid (similar to 30%), ash (similar to 8%) and carbohydrate (6%). The general trend for utilization of organic reserves during embryogenesis was also similar seasonally. Lipid was the primary component metabolized during embryogenesis (44-48% of initial stores were utilized) followed by protein (13-16% utilized) and carbohydrate (similar to 13% utilized). Calculated on a dry weight basis, spring embryos had significantly lower lipid but significantly higher ash than summer embryos; there were no significant seasonal differences in protein or carbohydrate. Caloric expenditure on a dry weight basis was significantly different seasonally. There appear to be geographic differences among blue crabs; our results differ from those of a previous study of blue crab embryos from North Carolina waters

    A Cross-National Analysis of the Wages of Part-Time Workers: Evidence from the US, UK, Canada, and Australia

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    Hourly wage differentials between part-time and full-time workers, using comparable microdata from LIS for the US, UK, Canada, and Australia are examined. Institutions and policies that contribute to different outcomes for part-time workers in these countries, and implications of these policies are also discussed in the context of policy reform

    Guide to Community Solar: Utility, Private, and Non-Profit Project Development

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    This guide is designed as a resource for those who want to develop community solar projects, from community organizers or solar energy advocates to government officials or utility managers

    The Sophtalk reference manual

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    This is the reference manual for the LeLisp implementation of the Sophtalk system. Sophtalk is a set of tools that enable one to program the interaction between objects following an event model of communication. System objects, called stnodes emit messages when significant events occur such as the termination of a computation a request for a service from another object, error conditions, etc. Messages circulate asynchronously in a network of stnodes. An stnode's type determines which messages it will receive, upon reception an action corresponding to the message and stnode instance is triggered. Messages may also circulate between processes. The manual describes the three modules of Sophtalk : stnode, a multicast communication mechanism : stio an extension of the standard LeLisp asynchronous and synchronous i/o mechanisms : and stservice, which offers interprocess communication at the shell and LeLisp levels
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