Newtonian Flow in Converging-Diverging Capillaries

The one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are used to derive analytical expressions for the relation between pressure and volumetric flow rate in capillaries of five different converging-diverging axisymmetric geometries for Newtonian fluids. The results are compared to previously-derived expressions for the same geometries using the lubrication approximation. The results of the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes are identical to those obtained from the lubrication approximation within a non-dimensional numerical factor. The derived flow expressions have also been validated by comparison to numerical solutions obtained from discretization with numerical integration. Moreover, they have been certified by testing the convergence of solutions as the converging-diverging geometries approach the limiting straight geometry.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. This is an extended and improved version. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1006.151

Waste prevention and education in five european countries

Artigo desenvolvido no âmbito de uma Unidade Curricular que funcionou em rede entre várias Universidades Europeias. Este artigo foi desenvolvido num trabalho em rede desenvolvido entre estudantes de diversas universidade e que avaliaram a implementação da diretiva quadro de resíduos em diversos países da União Europeia e apresentarem um conjunto de recomendações para se uniformizar e melhorar a gestão de resíduos na Europa com a aplicação da hierarquia dos resíduos.This research assessed the different goals of the EU Waste Framework Directive (2008) concerning waste prevention in five countries of the EU. The countries under research are the home countries of the EVS group members: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands and Portugal. The research about the status quo of waste prevention revealed that waste preven-tion has not reached yet. All the countries have high recycling rates and low dumping rate, ex-cept Portugal. Although decoupling trends start to appear and the countries are climbing up the waste hierarchy, waste prevention is still a mountain too far. The EVS group also checked if education was included in the waste prevention programmes and education plays a very im-portant role. The group looked for good examples of waste prevention and analyzed them with SWOT. The examples are a success in the home countries and can be implemented in other EU or even worldwide countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Blood Flow Simulation Using Traceless Variant of Johnson-Segalman Viscoelastic Model

A traceless variant of the Johnson-Segalman viscoelastic model is presented and applied to blood flow simulations. The viscoelastic extra stress tensor is decomposed into its traceless (deviatoric) and spherical parts, leading to a reformulation of the classical Johnson-Segalman model. The equivalence of the two models is established comparing model predictions for simple test cases. The new model is validated using several 2D benchmark problems, designed to reproduce difficulties that arise in the simulation of blood flow in blood vessels or medical devices. The structure and behaviour of the new model are discussed and the future use of the new model in envisioned, both on the theoretical and numerical perspectives

An integrated marketing communications campaign as part of the HIV/AIDS prevention efforts of the AIDS Society of the Philippines

It has been widely held that HIV and AIDS afflicted only mature individuals. However, recent studies reveal that nowadays, people as young as 15-24 years of age are suffering from HIV. The average age of infection is now 20-29 years old instead of the previous 30-35. Many HIV-prevention efforts in the Philippines are concentrated on high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSMs), OFWs and sex workers. The prevalence rate for the Philippines when it comes to cases of HIV is 0.1% of the population. However, such a small number can be misleading, as the DOH now reports an average of 5 cases per day. In September 2010, the youth accounted for 56% of new HIV cases in the Philippines. Through a survey, it was uncovered that majority of the youth aged 18-24 do not concern themselves with HIV and AIDS. Although they have a small amount of knowledge regarding the matter, many still do not know nor care about the threat they are now faced with. They also have many misconceptions regarding the transmission of the virus that they never cared to correct. This also shows their apparent notion of invincibility with the misconception that they are too young to contract HIV. The youth have the mindset that since they are still young and healthy, they are not really at risk of acquiring the disease. Most of them also assume that such a disease is only present among certain types of people, such as homosexuals and female sex workers. And because of lack of knowledge and awareness, they fail to take into consideration the possible impact such a disease may have in their life. The challenge now is to make the youth realize that ignorance can lead them to fall into the trap of HIV. They must then make themselves aware and educated in order to protect themselves from the damage that can be caused by HIV. To address this problem is an advocacy campaign called “Never Too Young†that aims to prevent further increases in HIV cases among the youth in the Philippines. It is targeted to the youth aged 18-24 from socio-economic classes B and C. The target person is a “young lifestyle indulgerâ€, a 20-year old senior student who studies in a top university in Metro Manila. These “young lifestyle indulgers†have high hopes of living the lives they want, and landing their dream jobs upon graduation. They are exposed to the Internet more than any media during weekdays and weekends, and are tech-savvy. They like surfing the net to be updated with the latest trends, and keep in touch with friends through social networking. They are carefree, lighthearted and fun loving, spending most of their free time with friends partying and living it up. Being young and virile, they are very much open to pre-marital sexual relations, as they also believe the people they meet in the places they go to also belong to the upper class. During sexual escapades, use of condom is not usual, especially when they are in the zone or are particularly sexually attracted to someone. The campaign aims to instill awareness and responsibility among the youth, making them realize the importance of HIV education, as being equipped with the right information can be their first line of defense against HIV. The objective of the campaign include increasing awareness and motivating the target market to get HIV education, but the ultimate measure of success will be the decline in the rate of reported cases among the targeted age group. This will be accomplished by communicating that the youth risk having HIV get in the way of their future and dreams when they remain ignorant of the impact that HIV can have in their lives. However, they can prevent the disease from threatening their lives by knowing pertinent information when it comes to HIV and AIDS. The message of the campaign will be communicated through online channels and communities, as well as out of home advertisements, with an allocated budget of Php 8.5 Million

The Lived Experiences of Consumers on Security Threats of E-commerce

This research tackles the lived experiences of consumers on the Security Threats of E-commerce. Previous studies have already focused on the e-retailer\u27s experiences (Pabian et al., 2020; Baaso and Gidisu 2019) and current and proposed practices on security risk management (Affia et al., 2020; Hassan et al., 2020). This paper intends to tackle the various cyber security threats that consumers encounter in the realm of e-commerce. In addition, the study aims to identify and assess the lived experiences of consumers to the various threats in e-commerce, particularly those connected to online shopping. Furthermore, this research may enable e-commerce marketers and corporate policymakers to devise offensive and defensive measures to lower unfavorable views or raise risk tolerance. As a phenomenological research study, a qualitative research method was used and participants were recruited via social media platforms using a purposive sampling technique. The results highlighted that most consumers of E-commerce remain victims of various security threats such as phishing, credit card fraud, hacking, and scamming, even though modern security innovations were added to online shops and retailers (OTPs and verification codes). Moreover, various factors of security threats, such as psychological, emotional, or mental aspects affect their likelihood of using e-commerce

Estado do conhecimento sobre internacionalização da educação superior: conceitos e práticas The state of knowledge in the internationalization of higher education: concepts and practices

A partir da década de 90 a internacionalização da educação superior se fortifica no panorama mundial. Corrobora para isto a tendência de categorizar a educação como serviço, regulamentada pela OMC, paralelo ao predomínio da concepção de transnacionalização frente à da soberania do estado-nação. O trabalho objetiva identificar o estado de conhecimento sobre internacionalização universitária, conceitos e práticas (DALE, 2000), neste século, por meio do estudo de banco de dados de periódicos de educação, da Europa e da América do Norte. A metodologia segue os princípios de análise de conteúdo. Foram identificados o crescimento da produção sobre o tema e uma tendência à alteração de foco temático: do conceitual para a prática. A internacionalização da educação superior frente à expansão quase que desordenada do sistema e à complexidade instituída, necessita, urgentemente, de estudos e políticas públicas que freiem a perspectiva mercadológica e contribuam para a qualidade acadêmica social.<br>The internationalization of higher education assumes a leading role in the world scenario after the 1990s. This tendency is fortified with the classification of higher education as service, subject to the General Agreement of Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the prevailing notion of transnationalization over sovereignty of the nation-state. This paper intends to identify the state of knowledge about university internationalization, concepts and practices (DALE, 2000), in this century, from the analysis of data bases of European and North-American education periodicals. The methodology is guided by the principles of content analysis. The growth of scholarly writings on the topic has been identified, along with a tendency of altering the thematic focus: from conceptual to practical. The internationalization of higher education in the light of the expansion of the system and complexity urges for studies and public policies that reduce the market approach and contribute to the social-academic quality