University Education for Physical Education Students at Pedagogical Faculties in the Czech Republic - New Findings about First Aid for Spinal Injury

Teaching physical education and sports at pedagogical faculties in the Czech Republic is often associated with certain risks which could lead to acute sports injuries. The most serious of these is traumatic spinal injury that could, in the case of poorly executed first aid, lead to serious damage to the health of individuals, including further unsolvable permanent consequences. Therefore every teacher or trainer as well as every student of physical education and sports must gain the necessary expertise in this field. This paper summarizes new findings about premedical first aid executed when a traumatic spinal injury occurs. It focuses especially on the appropriate assessment of disabilities according to Frankel and the implementation of specific procedures which can solve the trauma in various situations, including the use of a system for extricating an injured victim with a spinal fixation

Influence of cutting parameters on heat-affected zone after laser cutting

Članak se bavi metodom toplinskog rezanja materijala, posebice laserskom tehnologijom. U teorijskom dijelu opisan je njezin princip, mogućnosti i uporaba lasera u procesu obrade odvajanjem čestica; uglavnom postupak rezanja materijala uporabom laserskog snopa. Eksperimentalni dio usredotočen je na rezanje kobaltne legure pomoću neprekidnog lasera CO2 i utjecaj tehnoloških parametara tijekom rezanja na završnu kvalitetu područja rezanja. Na temelju metalografske analize utvrđeni su pogodni tehnološki parametri i postignut najniži utjecaj topline na materijal.The article deals with a method of thermal cutting of materials, specifically with laser technology. The theoretical part describes its principles, capabilities and use of laser in the process of machining, mainly the procedure of cutting material using a laser beam. The experimental part is focused on cutting the cobalt alloy by a continuous CO2 laser and the influence of technological parameters during cutting on the final quality of the cutting area. Suitable technological parameters were determined on the basis of metallographic analysis, and the lowest heat influence on the material was achieved

Influence of cutting parameters on heat-affected zone after laser cutting

Članak se bavi metodom toplinskog rezanja materijala, posebice laserskom tehnologijom. U teorijskom dijelu opisan je njezin princip, mogućnosti i uporaba lasera u procesu obrade odvajanjem čestica; uglavnom postupak rezanja materijala uporabom laserskog snopa. Eksperimentalni dio usredotočen je na rezanje kobaltne legure pomoću neprekidnog lasera CO2 i utjecaj tehnoloških parametara tijekom rezanja na završnu kvalitetu područja rezanja. Na temelju metalografske analize utvrđeni su pogodni tehnološki parametri i postignut najniži utjecaj topline na materijal.The article deals with a method of thermal cutting of materials, specifically with laser technology. The theoretical part describes its principles, capabilities and use of laser in the process of machining, mainly the procedure of cutting material using a laser beam. The experimental part is focused on cutting the cobalt alloy by a continuous CO2 laser and the influence of technological parameters during cutting on the final quality of the cutting area. Suitable technological parameters were determined on the basis of metallographic analysis, and the lowest heat influence on the material was achieved

Influence of material distribution and damping on the dynamic stability of Bernoulli-Euler beams

The study analyzed the influence of materials and different types of damping on the dynamic stability of the Bernoulli-Euler beam. Using the mode summation method and applying an orthogonal condition of eigenfunctions and describing the analyzed system with the Mathieu equation, the problem of dynamic stability was solved. By examining the influence of internal and external damping and damping in the beam supports, their influence on the regions of stability and instability of the solution to the Mathieu equation was determined

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

Evaluating activity of deep stabilising system of the spine in young elite ice hockey players

Research focused on an assessment of the activity and reactivity of DSSS muscles in premier league ice hockey players from youth teams of the Czech hockey club in Karlovy Vary. DSSS examinations of 35 players were administered by using a series of tests of provoked postural activity according to Kolar. Results from the junior and younger adolescent categories were compared. Manifestations of postural stabilisation disorders, indicating DSSS function disorders in all players, were revealed. A pathological position of pelvis in anteversion was noted, as well as  onexpansion of abdominal cavity and lower chest against palpation, cranial migration of ribs without lateral chest extension, concavity in the area of the inguinal canal and abdominal diastasis. When the groups of younger (mean age=14.5yrs) and older players (mean age=17.9yrs) were compared, the older players achieved inferior values for the monitored indicators, indicating an even more profound insufficiency of deep spine stabilisers with respect to the duration of hockey practice. The results indicate that repeated one-sided intensive training may have an unfavourable effect on the activity of deep spine muscles in ice hockey players. The strain experienced by players during training sessions and matches should be compensated through targeted and intentional activation.Keywords: Low back pain; Deep stabilising system; Ice hockey; Injury; Training

Cardiovascular function in children born very preterm after intrauterine growth restriction with severely abnormal umbilical artery blood flow.

AIMS: Low birthweight has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We evaluated the effect on cardiovascular outcome of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with abnormal fetal blood flow in children born very preterm. METHODS: Blood pressure, cardiac function and size, diameters, distensibility, and stiffness of the abdominal aorta, carotid, and popliteal arteries, and endothelial function were assessed non-invasively in 7-year-old children (n = 32) born very preterm with IUGR, with birthweight (median, range) 650 g (395-976 g) and gestational age 27 weeks (24-29 weeks). In addition, intima-media thickness was measured in the carotid artery. Controls were matched for gender and age and had birthweight appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA). The study included 32 preterm-AGA children with birthweight 1010 g (660-1790) g and 32 term-AGA children with birthweight 3530 g (3000-4390) g. RESULTS: Preterm-IUGR children had lower microvascular response to acetylcholine, lower aortic stiffness, and higher distensibility compared with the preterm-AGA group (p = 0.019, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) and lower carotid intima-media thickness compared with the term-AGA group (p = 0.047). The highest aortic β and lowest distensibility were found in the preterm-AGA group. Height-adjusted systolic blood pressure was higher in the preterm groups than in the term-AGA group (p = 0.018). Cardiac function and size did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: IUGR and preterm birth appear to be associated with structural changes in the arterial wall, whereas preterm birth seems to be associated with higher blood pressure. Using conventional echocardiography, we observed no effect of IUGR on cardiac size and function

Influence of Basic Process Parameters on Mechnical and Internal Properties of 316L Steel in SLM Process for Renishaw AM400

The paper deals with the study and experimental evaluation of the influence of process parameters determining the resulting mechanical properties of the components after additive production using the 1.4404 (316L) stainless steel SLM method. The determining process parameters that have been investigated are laser power, scanning speed and layer creation strategy. These parameters fundamentally affect the microstructure and macrostructure of components created by the SLM method, therefore, they have been subjected to closer examination. The results then determined the ideal set of parameters according to the assessment criteria - tensile test, porosity and roughness of the surface. Experiments were performed on the Renishaw AM400 and therefore the results and recommendations are directly related to this particular machine