Towards a Cost-Benefit-Analysis of Data-Driven Business Models

The emergence of data-driven business models calls for their systematic design and evaluation. In this paper, we focus on a first step towards a Cost-Benefit-Analysis of data-driven business models. Within data-driven business models, data act as enabler for the development of innovative services. However, to justify internal funding of new services, an assessment of the financial impact for the service at hand is often required. We approach this by identifying drivers of cost and benefit based on the Service Business Model Canvases of twenty cases. Based on the results, all drivers and their associated models for quantification were consolidated into a single meta-model. With this, we provide a basis for the economic assessment of service ideas and their refinement during the design process

Independent electrical tuning of separated quantum dots in coupled photonic crystal cavities

Systems of photonic crystal cavities coupled to quantum dots are a promising architecture for quantum networking and quantum simulators. The ability to independently tune the frequencies of laterally separated quantum dots is a crucial component of such a scheme. Here, we demonstrate independent tuning of laterally separated quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities coupled by in-plane waveguides by implanting lines of protons which serve to electrically isolate different sections of a diode structure.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Strain-tuning of quantum dot optical transitions via laser-induced surface defects

We discuss the fine-tuning of the optical properties of self-assembled quantum dots by the strain perturbation introduced by laser-induced surface defects. We show experimentally that the quantum dot transition red-shifts, independently of the actual position of the defect, and that such frequency shift is about a factor five larger than the corresponding shift of a micropillar cavity mode resonance. We present a simple model that accounts for these experimental findings.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Tuning micropillar cavity birefringence by laser induced surface defects

We demonstrate a technique to tune the optical properties of micropillar cavities by creating small defects on the sample surface near the cavity region with an intense focused laser beam. Such defects modify strain in the structure, changing the birefringence in a controllable way. We apply the technique to make the fundamental cavity mode polarization-degenerate and to fine tune the overall mode frequencies, as needed for applications in quantum information science.Comment: RevTex, 7 pages, 4 figures (accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters

CNOT and Bell-state analysis in the weak-coupling cavity QED regime

We propose an interface between the spin of a photon and the spin of an electron confined in a quantum dot embedded in a microcavity operating in the weak coupling regime. This interface, based on spin selective photon reflection from the cavity, can be used to construct a CNOT gate, a multi-photon entangler and a photonic Bell-state analyzer. Finally, we analyze experimental feasibility, concluding that the schemes can be implemented with current technology.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Optical modes in oxide-apertured micropillar cavities

We present a detailed experimental characterization of the spectral and spatial structure of the confined optical modes for oxide-apertured micropillar cavities, showing good-quality Hermite-Gaussian profiles, easily mode-matched to external fields. We further derive a relation between the frequency splitting of the transverse modes and the expected Purcell factor. Finally, we describe a technique to retrieve the profile of the confining refractive index distribution from the spatial profiles of the modes.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

BUSINESS MODEL TRANSFORMATION PATTERNS OF DATA-DRIVEN INNOVATIONS

Driven by advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), manifold business opportunities emerge in diverse industries. In this development, data plays an important role as an essential element of change and economic growth. As a consequence of this development, the analysis of service business models and the role of data in these models has become a focus of interest in practice and research. This paper focuses on international companies that implemented successfully data-driven innovations and aims, in particular, at the analysis of the effects of data-driven innovation on companies’ business models. Based on a multiple case study method, this paper proposes four different transformation patterns: (1) cooperative value innovation, (2) customer-centric value innovation, (3) cooperative productivity improvement, and (4) company-centric productivity improvement. These patterns show that data-driven innovations enable a transformation from product to service-oriented offerings. Furthermore, an optimization of internal and external processes and thus, of the productivity is possible

Permanent tuning of quantum dot transitions to degenerate microcavity resonances

Quantum Matter and Optic

Donor-Free Phosphenium–Metal(0)–Halides with Unsymmetrically Bridging Phosphenium Ligands

Reactions of (cod)­MCl₂ (cod = 1,5 cyclooctadiene, M = Pd, Pt) with <i>N</i>-heterocyclic secondary phosphines or diphosphines produced complexes [(NHP)­MCl]₂ (NHP = <i>N</i>-heterocyclic phosphenium). The Pd complex was also accessible from a chlorophosphine precursor and Pd₂(dba)₃. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies established the presence of dinuclear complexes that contain μ-bridging NHP ligands in an unsymmetrical binding mode and display a surprising change in metal coordination geometry from distorted trigonal (M = Pd) to T-shaped (M = Pt). DFT calculations on model compounds reproduced these structural features for the Pt complex but predicted an unusual <i>C</i>_2<i>v</i>-symmetric molecular structure with two different metal coordination environments for the Pd species. The deviation between this structure and the actual centrosymmetric geometry is accounted for by the prediction of a flat energy hypersurface, which permits large distortions in the orientation of the NHP ligands at very low energetic cost. The DFT results and spectroscopic studies suggest that the title compounds should be described as phosphenium–metal(0)–halides rather than conventional phosphido complexes of divalent metal cations and indicate that the NHP ligands receive net charge donation from the metals but retain a distinct cationic character. The unsymmetric NHP binding mode is associated with an unequal distribution of σ-donor/π-acceptor contributions in the two M–P bonds. Preliminary studies indicate that reactions of the Pd complex with phosphine donors provide a viable source of ligand-stabilized, zerovalent metal atoms and metal(0)–halide fragments

Phosphenium Hydride Reduction of [(cod)MX₂] (M = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br): Snapshots on the Way to Phosphenium Metal(0) Halides and Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

The outcome of the reduction of [(cod)­PtX₂] (X = Cl, Br; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with N-heterocyclic phosphenium hydrides ^RNHP–H depends strongly on the steric demand of the <i>N</i>-aryl group R and the nature of X. Reaction of [(cod)­PtCl₂] with ^DippNHP–H featuring bulky N-Dipp groups produced an unprecedented monomeric phosphenium metal(0) halide [(^DippNHP)­(^DippNHP–H)­PtCl] stabilized by a single phosphine ligand. The phosphenium unit exhibits a pyramidal coordination geometry at the phosphorus atom and may according to DFT calculations be classified as a Z-type ligand. In contrast, reaction of [(cod)­PtBr₂] with the sterically less protected ^MesNHP–H afforded a mixture of donor-ligand free oligonuclear complexes [{(^MesNHP)­PtBr}_<i>n</i>] (<i>n</i> = 2, 3), which are structural analogues of known palladium complexes with μ₂-bridging phosphenium units. All reductions studied proceed via spectroscopically detectable intermediates, several of which could be unambiguously identified by means of multinuclear (¹H, ³¹P, ¹⁹⁵Pt) NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. The experimental findings reveal that the phosphenium hydrides in these multistep processes adopt a dual function as ligands and hydride transfer reagents. The preference for the observed intricate pathways over seemingly simpler ligand exchange processes is presumably due to kinetic reasons. The attempt to exchange the bulky phosphine ligand in [(^DippNHP)­(^DippNHP–H)­PtCl] by Me₃P resulted in an unexpected isomerization to a platinum(0) chlorophosphine complex via a formal chloride migration from platinum to phosphorus, which accentuates the electrophilic nature of the phosphenium ligand. Phosphenium metal(0) halides of platinum further show a surprising thermal stability, whereas the palladium complexes easily disintegrate upon gentle heating in dimethyl sulfoxide to yield metal nanoparticles, which were characterized by TEM and XRD studies