High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

Vulnerbility Of Gpon Network Elements

Passive optical network (PON) is a promising access network technology used in modern telecommunications. Due to their passive nature PONs are potentially vulnerable against a number of security threats. This paper is focused on testing the resilience of a GPON (Gigabit PON) network against a DoS (Denial of Service) attack, conducted with a CW (Continuous Wave) laser plugged into the optical splitter. The goal was to cause signal interference on the feeder fiber to prevent communication between the OLT (Optical Line Termination) and ONUs (Optical Network Unit)

Public universities and their taxation

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou financování a zdanění veřejných vysokých škol. V první části popisuji mechanismus financování veřejných vysokých škol. Následně charakterizuji jednotlivé rozpočtové okruhy, dle kterých jsou rozdělovány na veřejné vysoké školy finanční prostředky ze státního rozpočtu. Dále popisuji a analyzuji doplňkovou činnost veřejných vysokých škol. V bakalářské práci stručně charakterizuji vybrané typy daní se zaměřením na veřejné vysoké školy a uvádím přehledy a porovnání plateb daní u vybraných veřejných vysokých škol. V poslední části bakalářské práce se zabývám návrhem změn vybraných ukazatelů používaných pro výpočet příspěvku pro veřejné vysoké školy. Tyto návrhy jsou uspořádány do tří variant. Každá varianta je popsána a analyzována z hlediska rozdělování finančních prostředků na úrovni všech veřejných vysokých škol v ČR a současně je analyzován dopad navrhovaných změn ve struktuře a výpočtu ukazatelů do příspěvků přidělovaných pro Vysokou školu ekonomickou v Praze.This bachelor thesis deals with the financing and taxation of public universities. The first part describes the mechanism for funding public universities. Subsequently I characterize individual budget headings under which funds from the state budget are distributed to public universities. Further I describe and analyze the complementary activities of public universities. I also briefly characterize the selected types of taxes aimed at public universities and I give an example - an overview and comparison of taxation at selected public universities. The last part of the thesis deals with designed changes in selected indicators used to calculate the contribution to public universities. These proposals are arranged in three variants. Each of them is described and analyzed in terms of the distribution of funds at all public universities in the country concurrently is analyzed the impact of proposed changes in structure and the calculation on the contributions allocated to the University of Economics, Prague

Using SPEM to Analyze Open Data Publication Methods

Part 1: Semantic Concepts and Open DataInternational audienceOpen Data is a current trend in sharing data on the Web. Public sector bodies maintain large amounts of data that, if re-used, could be a source of significant benefits. Therefore Open Government Data initiatives have been launched in many countries in order to increase availability of openly licensed and machine-readable government data. Because Open Data publishers face various challenges, methods for publication of Open Data are emerging. However these methods differ in focus, scope and structure which might complicate selection of a method that would suit specific needs of an organization. In this paper we discuss the possible benefits of constructing Open Data publication methods from a meta-model and we use the Software and Systems Process Engineering Meta-Model version 2.0 to analyze similarities and differences in structure of three Open Data publication methods

Comparison of Approaches to Publication of Open Government Data in Two Czech Public Sector Bodies

This case study compares approaches to publication of Open Government Data in two Czech public sector bodies: the Czech Telecommunication Office (CTO) and the Czech Trade Inspection Authority (CTIA). The top-down approach applied by the CTO is compared to the bottom-up approach applied by the CTIA. Results achieved by these two public sector bodies are described and the case study is concluded with the lessons learned

Repurposing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: A Focus on Transporters and Lysosomal Sequestration

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being increasingly used to treat various malignancies. Although they were designed to target aberrant tyrosine kinases, they are also intimately linked with the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. MDR-related solute carrier (SLC) and ATB-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are responsible for TKI uptake and efflux, respectively. However, the role of TKIs appears to be dual because they can act as substrates and/or inhibitors of these transporters. In addition, several TKIs have been identified to be sequestered into lysosomes either due to their physiochemical properties or via ABC transporters expressed on the lysosomal membrane. Since the development of MDR represents a great concern in anticancer treatment, it is important to elucidate the interactions of TKIs with MDR-related transporters as well as to improve the properties that would prevent TKIs from diffusing into lysosomes. These findings not only help to avoid MDR, but also help to define the possible impact of combining TKIs with other anticancer drugs, leading to more efficient therapy and fewer adverse effects in patients

Thiosemicarbazones Can Act Synergistically with Anthracyclines to Downregulate CHEK1 Expression and Induce DNA Damage in Cell Lines Derived from Pediatric Solid Tumors

Anticancer therapy by anthracyclines often leads to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), with subsequent treatment failure. Thiosemicarbazones have been previously suggested as suitable anthracycline partners due to their ability to overcome drug resistance through dual Pgp-dependent cytotoxicity-inducing effects. Here, we focused on combining anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and mitoxantrone) and two thiosemicarbazones (DpC and Dp44mT) for treating cell types derived from the most frequent pediatric solid tumors. Our results showed synergistic effects for all combinations of treatments in all tested cell types. Nevertheless, further experiments revealed that this synergism was independent of Pgp expression but rather resulted from impaired DNA repair control leading to cell death via mitotic catastrophe. The downregulation of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) expression by thiosemicarbazones and the ability of both types of agents to induce double-strand breaks in DNA may explain the Pgp-independent synergism between anthracyclines and thiosemicarbazones. Moreover, the concomitant application of these agents was found to be the most efficient approach, achieving the strongest synergistic effect with lower concentrations of these drugs. Overall, our study identified a new mechanism that offers an avenue for combining thiosemicarbazones with anthracyclines to treat tumors regardless the Pgp status