The influence of CBR parameters of low-frost-susceptible soils on the process of airport pavement design

The paper presents the issue of layer thickness selection in designing of concrete airport pavements depending on the values of soil substrate calculation parameters. This analysis is based on laboratory testing of low-frost-susceptible soils, specifically silty sands of various silt content, for which the California Bearing Ratio values were determined [1, 2]. Dimensioning methods used in airport pavement design are presented, together with their brief descriptions. Comparative calculations of surface layer thickness depending on the interpretation of the obtained CBR laboratory test results are performed. Differences in airport pavement layer thickness resulting from the assumed CBR values are presented. A correction of the results of pavement calculations based on the California bearing ratio is proposed. Keywords: airport pavement, CBR test, pavement dimensioning, soil subtrate, low-frost-susceptible soil

Strengthening airfield pavements with cement concrete layers

The paper presents original solutions and methodology for determining the thickness of cement concrete strengthening layers for repairing and upgrading existing flexible and rigid airfield pavements. Flow diagrams and nomograms for determining edge stress were developed. These are novel solutions which have not been presented in a similar form before now. After deriving the above relations, a method for the practical utilisation of the resulting monograms depending on the parameters of existing airfield pavement and properties of the cement concrete strengthening layer is presented. Preparing calculation-based charts using the derived equations will markedly shorten the procedure of selecting the thickness of cement concrete strengthening layers for existing flexible airfield pavements that require repair depending on the degree of their wear. Keywords: rigid airfield pavement, flexible airfield pavement, pavement strengthenin

Docent Dr hab. Jan Kowalczyk (1918–2007)

Jan Kowalczyk was born on October 23, 1918 in Nowa Wieś in the Lubartów district, Lublin voivodeship. After graduation from the Jan Zamoyski State Gymnasium in Lublin in 1937 and after six months of practice at the Gdańsk Shipyard, he began studies at the Faculty of Ship Machinery Construction at the Gdańsk University of Technology. After the Second World War interrupted his further education, he stood as a volunteer to fight with the German invaders in defence of Lublin in the tragic events of September 1939 (Białasiewicz and Gzella 1994: 130–131, 208, 212). During the German Occupation, he worked physically at the painting workshop in Lublin. After the War, in 1945–1948 he studied at the Faculty of Humanities at the Catholic University of Lublin (KUL). He was a student of Jan Czekanowski (1882–1965), former rector of the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv and head of the Department of Anthropology of the KUL, of Stefan Nosek (1909–1966), head of the Department of Prehistory of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS), classes at the KUL, and of Józef Gajek (1907–1986), at the same time head of the Departments of Ethnography and Ethnology at the KUL and UMCS

The international wheelchair basketball federation’s classification system: the participants’ perspective

The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate opinions of elite athletes, coaches and classifiers regarding the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation’s (IWBF) functional classification system. We were also interested in the athletes’ perspective regarding potential changes to the classification system. In addition, we compared the generalized opinions reported by the athletes to those of coaches and classification officers. This survey was administered during the Wheelchair Basketball Gold Cup (Amsterdam, 2006). Seventy-nine athletes, 50 men and 29 women, as well as 12 coaches and 14 classifiers completed the survey. The first part of the survey addressed demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part focused on their opinions regarding the current classification system. Based on the survey responses, athletes reported that the IWBF classification system is generally satisfactory. However, athletes as well as coaches and classification officers did report some specific concerns about this classification system. These concerns included changes in an athlete classification, athlete cheating and communication between classifiers and athletes. Athletes, coaches and classifiers, as the wheelchair basketball’s primary constituent groups, have a vested interest in the evolution of the game and should be included in the evaluation and modifications to the functional classification system. This study has demonstrated that a classification specific survey could provide useful information and insight into the perspectives of these constituent groups

New amniotic membrane based biocomposite for future application in reconstructive urology

OBJECTIVE Due to the capacity of the amniotic membrane (Am) to support re-epithelisation and inhibit scar formation, Am has a potential to become a considerable asset for reconstructive urology i.e., reconstruction of ureters and urethrae. The application of Am in reconstructive urology is limited due to a poor mechanical characteristic. Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance, without affecting its unique bioactivity profile. This study evaluated biocomposite material composed of Am and nanofibers as a graft for urinary bladder augmentation in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sandwich-structured biocomposite material was constructed from frozen Am and covered on both sides with two-layered membranes prepared from electrospun poly-(L-lactide-co-Ecaprolactone) (PLCL). Wistar rats underwent hemicystectomy and bladder augmentation with the biocomposite material. RESULTS Immunohistohemical analysis (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], anti-smoothelin and Masson’s trichrome staining [TRI]) revealed effective regeneration of the urothelial and smooth muscle layers. Anti-smoothelin staining confirmed the presence of contractile smooth muscle within a new bladder wall. Sandwich-structured biocomposite graft material was designed to regenerate the urinary bladder wall, fulfilling the requirements for normal bladder tension, contraction, elasticity and compliance. Mechanical evaluation of regenerated bladder wall conducted based on Young’s elastic modulus reflected changes in the histological remodeling of the augmented part of the bladder. The structure of the biocomposite material made it possible to deliver an intact Am to the area for regeneration. An unmodified Am surface supported regeneration of the urinary bladder wall and the PLCL membranes did not disturb the regeneration process. CONCLUSIONS Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance without affecting its unique bioactivity profile.http://www.plosone.orgam2016Internal Medicin

Monographs Galicia Jewish Museum 2004-2016

Przedmiotem moich badań w tej pracy magisterskiej jest instytucja kulturalna Żydowskie Muzeum Galicja. To muzeum mieści się na krakowskim Kazimierzu. Ma już 12 lat i jest własnością prywatną, co w Polsce, jeśli chodzi o tego typu instytucje, jest rzadkością. Celem moich badań jest poznanie historii Żydowskiego Muzeum Galicja i sprawdzenie, jak przedstawia się jego relacja oraz rozwój wobec innych instytucji tego typu i takiej charakterystyce w Krakowie.„Galicja” jest instytucją prywatną, która nie ma dużego budżetu i od początku jej główną formą dochodu byli darczyńcy. Ta instytucja przez dłuższy czas na początku nie była dotowana przez miasto. To powoduje, że w skali miasta była ewenementem. Dlatego jest to bardzo ciekawy przykład, który sprawdza czy w Polsce instytucje bez dotacji mogą przetrwać i jak sobie by radziły. Muzeum powstawało na początku boomu turystycznego na Kazimierzu. Chciałbym sprawdzić z kim konkurował na początku i jak dzisiaj wygląda mapa krakowskiego Kazimierza. Również chciałbym zweryfikować czy wszystkie instytucje o tej tematyce starają się współpracować ze sobą dla lepszego rozwoju i wspólnego dobra czy też rywalizują ze sobą. Z powodu niskich dotacji chciałbym stwierdzić, że muzeum miało ogromne problemy, szczególnie na początku, aby wybić się ponad przeciętność jeśli chodzi o krakowski Kazimierz, który w czasach powstawania nie był jakimś szczególnym celem dla turystów. Początkowe problemy z kadrą i brakiem świadomości na temat zarządzania taką instytucją sprawiły, że nie wiele wiemy jak wyglądały same początki. Problemem jest brak zbyt wielu informacji na temat działalności muzeum na samym początku czyli w pierwszych dwóch, trzech latach, ponieważ brakowało wtedy rzetelnych statystyk jak również archiwum. To powoduje, że nie można z czymkolwiek porównać danych zebranych w dzisiejszych czasach. Jednym z powodów takiej sytuacji z początków działalności może być bardzo mała liczba osób, które odwiedzały muzeum, ale przede wszystkim brak kadry i głębszego planu w którym znajdowała by się archiwizacja, tworzenie bazy danych i zbieraniu informacji. Kolejną hipotezą badawczą jest ocena samej zawartości muzeum co ma wpływ na słabe rozpoznanie tej instytucji wśród polskich odwiedzających. Postaram się przedstawić wystawy, które odbyły się w Żydowskim Muzeum Galicja i również opisać wydarzenia. Ma to na celu pokazanie skąd się bierze ta niewiedza wśród mieszkańców Krakowa.The subject of my research in this thesis is a cultural institution Galicia Jewish Museum. This museum is located in the Kazimierz district. It has been 12 years and is privately owned, which in Poland when it comes to this type of institutions, is a rarity. The aim of my research is to understand the history of Galicia Jewish Museum and verification, as shown in his relationship and development to the other institutions of this type and the characteristics of Krakow."Galicia" is a private institution that does not have a large budget and from the beginning its main form of income were donors. This institution for a long time at the beginning was not subsidized by the city. This means that the scale of the city was a sensation. Therefore, this is a very interesting example, to check whether the Polish authorities can survive without subsidies and how they were doing that. Museum arose at the beginning of the tourist boom in Kazimierz. I would like to check who competed at the beginning and now it looks like the map of Kazimierz. Also, I would like to verify whether all the institutions on this subject are trying to work together for the better development and the common good or compete with each other. Because of the low subsidies I would like to say that the museum had huge problems, especially at the beginning, to rise above mediocrity when it comes to Kraków's Kazimierz district, which in the days of creation was not a specific objective for tourists. Initial problems with the staff and a lack of awareness on how to manage such an institution meant that not many know what they looked like the same origins. The problem is the lack of too much information on the activities of the museum at the beginning or in the first two or three years, because it lacked when reliable statistics as well as an archive. This means that you can not compare anything with the data collected today. One of the reasons for such a situation from the beginning of business can be a very small number of people who visited the museum, but above all the lack of personnel and deeper plan, which was to be archiving, creating databases and collecting information. Another hypothesis of the research is to evaluate the contents of the museum itself which affects the poor recognition of the institution of Polish visitors. I will try to present the exhibition, which took place in the Galicia Jewish Museum and also describe the event. This is to show why there is this ignorance among the inhabitants of Krakow

Application of the Westergaard method to calculate the pavement loaded by leg of wheels in tandem

The paper includes the methodology followed for the calculation of elastic pavements loaded by the leg of aircraft in arrangement of wheels in tandem. Using the Ray Pickett method, the nomograms are developed to determine the equilibrated load, which are necessary for calculation of pavements by the Westergaard method. The derived formula and nomogram are original solutions that have not yet occurred. Next, calculations of pavement, loaded by legs of CASA military transport plane, were performed. Also, diagrams of stresses and deflections, depending on the thickness of the pavement and the subsoil parameters were made. The resulting graphs significantly speed up the procedure for calculating the pavements what is desirable for military terms.[b]Keywords[/b]: calculation of pavement, leg of aircraft, system wheels in tande

Determination of compensation function of moments at the support on the basis of the research model of the folding continuous beam based on fixed supports

The following paper presents the experimental study of methodology for determination of a compensation function of moments at the support as regards the multi-span folding beams. This function plays pivotal role on bending moments distribution in relation to the assembly clearance appeared in the folding constructions. The scope of the experimental research ranged the two-span and three-span folding beams deflection measurements founded on fixed supports. The authors considered different factors influenced the effect of the examined process, including different lengths of spans and different size of the assembly clearance. The obtained results of the experimental measurements enabled us to unequivocally determine the mathematical form of this function.[b]Keywords[/b]: building engineering, folding beams, compensation function of moments at the suppor

Verification of the equivalent stiffness method on the example of a model study of a two-span folding beam based on fixed supports

The article covers the analysis of the equivalent stiffness method in a two-span folding beam based on fixed supports, carried out on the basis of model tests. The essence of this analysis was to check the deformation of the entire beam for the constant equivalent stiffness. For this purpose, detailed measurements of deflections at each beam connection were made for different: size of assembly clearances, load values and length of the spans. Then, the results of the measurements were compared with the theoretical results. Theoretical analysis was carried out using the strict method and the Finite Difference Method. The conducted analysis confirmed the possibility of adopting constant equivalent stiffness in two-span folding beams. This is a continuation of considerations regarding the work of multi-span folding beams. Keywords: civil engineering, folding bridges, equivalent stiffness, assembly clearance

Analysis of influence of random distribution of assembly clearance on deflection and load capacity of folding beams

The article includes the analysis of influence of random distribution of assembly clearance of various sizes on deflections and the load capacity of the folding beam based on fixed supports. This analysis includes seven variants of the random occurrence of individual pins in the interconnections between the two-span folded beam components. Measurement results for these variants were compared with the results obtained for the variant with fixed (medium) assembly clearance. Analyses of deflections and load capacity confirmed the correctness of acceptance of the fixed assembly clearance for the calculation of folding bridge. This issue was undertaken for the first time, which is the originality of this study. Keywords: civil engineering, folding bridges, assembly clearanc