Improving Climate Model Simulation of Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature: The Importance of Enhanced Vertical Atmosphere Model Resolution

A long-standing problem in climate modeling is the inaccurate simulation of tropical Atlantic (TA) sea surface temperature (SST), known as the TA SST bias. It has far-reaching consequences for climate prediction in that area as it goes along, among others, with erroneous precipitation patterns. We show that the TA SST bias can be largely reduced by increasing both the atmospheric horizontal and vertical resolution in a climate model. At high horizontal resolution, enhanced vertical resolution is indispensable to substantially improve the simulation of TA SST by enhancing surface wind stress. This also reduces biases in the upper ocean thermal structure and precipitation patterns. Although, enhanced horizontal resolution alone leads to some improvement in the mean climate, typical bias patterns characterized by a reversed zonal SST gradient at the equator and too warm SST in the Benguela upwelling region are mostly unchanged at a coarser vertical resolution

Alleviating tropical Atlantic sector biases in the Kiel climate model by enhancing horizontal and vertical atmosphere model resolution: climatology and interannual variability

We investigate the quality of simulating tropical Atlantic (TA) sector climatology and interannual variability in integrations of the Kiel climate model (KCM) with varying atmosphere model resolution. The ocean model resolution is kept fixed. A reasonable simulation of TA sector annual-mean climate, seasonal cycle and interannual variability can only be achieved at sufficiently high horizontal and vertical atmospheric resolution. Two major reasons for the improvements are identified. First, the western equatorial Atlantic westerly surface wind bias in spring can be largely eliminated, which is explained by a better representation of meridional and especially vertical zonal momentum transport. The enhanced atmospheric circulation along the equator in turn greatly improves the thermal structure of the upper equatorial Atlantic with much reduced warm sea surface temperature (SST) biases. Second, the coastline in the southeastern TA and steep orography are better resolved at high resolution, which improves wind structure and in turn reduces warm SST biases in the Benguela upwelling region. The strongly diminished wind and SST biases at high atmosphere model resolution allow for a more realistic latitudinal position of the intertropical convergence zone. Resulting stronger cross-equatorial winds, in conjunction with a shallower thermocline, enable a rapid cold tongue development in the eastern TA in boreal spring. This enables simulation of realistic interannual SST variability and its seasonal phase locking in the KCM, which primarily is the result of a stronger thermocline feedback. Our findings suggest that enhanced atmospheric resolution, both vertical and horizontal, could be a key to achieving more realistic simulation of TA climatology and interannual variability in climate models

Compact dual-band implantable antenna for e-health monitoring

Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Superresolution Imaging XI 2018 -- 27 January 2018 through 28 January 2018 -- 136394This work presents a compact dual-band Planar Inverted F-antenna (PIFA) antenna useful for E-health monitoring and wireless sensors systems. The antenna operates in the Industrial Standard and Medical (ISM) and Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) bands. It offers a compact size with dimensions 12.6 × 8.5 × 2.4 mm3. Two different simulators have been used to verify the results. The proposed antenna performs well in the presence of a bio-compatible insulator (BCI) material

Controls of mean state

Presentation in CT3 & 4, Section 1: Controls of mean state - Impact of enhanced vertical and/or horizontal resolution in a coupled model on model systematic errors. - Impact of reducing the SST bias in TA on the skill of hindcasts in the Equatorial Atlanti