Investigation and characterisation of surface cracks in metal components using time of flight diffraction (TOFD) technique in comparison to alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique / Jeffry Jamil

This research describes an investigation and characterisation of Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique when it interacts with surface defects in metal component. Four steel plates of thickness 19 mm were used in this study. Electrical Discharge Machine (EDM) was used to fabricate the artificial surface cracks with various depths, angles and orientations. In case of TOFD technique, two TOFD probes of 5 MHz at angle 60° and 70° were used in this study with the different Probe Center Spacing (PCS). The latter was determined by using ESBeamTool software. Difficulty was experienced in using TOFD at an angle of 60° for detecting and sizing surface defects whereas successful results were achieved at angle 70°. The characteristic of defect signal was analysed based on surface defect severity. TOFD works well for most cases but surface crack that shallower cracks of 3.0 mm with inclination angle 40° (Notch 8) and 50° (Notch 9) could not be detected. This is due to the fact that crack signal were superimposed with the lateral wave and cannot be resolved separately. This is compliant with the proven practical limitation of the TOFD technique in detecting and sizing of shallower defects. The ACFM Standard Weld probe (256/5 kHz, TSC Inspection) was applied to the samples. The characteristic signals generated by the surface cracks obtained from Bx, Bz and 'butterfly plot' displays were evaluated using ASISTant software. In case comparison between ACFM and TOFD techniques, the study also revealed that small mean errors and standard deviation of depth and length using the ACFM technique makes more accurate than TOFD technique. The outcomes of these studies can be useful for planning an inspection of simple geometry component such as plate and pipe

Multi display scan in detecting weld discontinuity of thick carbon steel plate using ultrasonic testing phased array (UTPA) with comparison to conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) / Jeffry Jamil, Syed Yusainee Syed Yahya and Rosnah Zakaria

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a method of testing and analysis that relies on the application of physical principles to determine the integrity of materials without causing damage. The existence of weld discontinuity can affect the service ability of the structures. Ultrasonic testing Phases Array (UTPA) is advanced ultrasonic testing technology widely practiced in many industries. The multiple ultrasonic elements and electronic time delay will create constructive and destructive interference and steering capability, which could improve detectability compared to a single element of conventional UT. The multi displays presented in A-Scan, S-scan, B-Scan, and C-Scan of UTPA equipment capable of locating, inspecting, and characterise defects within the welded component. Two carbon steel plates with thickness 18 mm and 24 mm were prepared and cut to V-shape configuration and welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process, labelled as NDE-8826 and NDE-8827 respectively. Both samples were induced with artificial defects of the weld. 16 elements of phased array probe with 0.5 mm pitch and 4 MHz were carried out for this study with encoded scanning to identify weld discontinuity plotted in different types of UT displays. Additional testing was performed using conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) using a 4 MHz probe to compare with the UTPA results and the acceptability of each defect detections. The length and datum of toe crack, slag, and lack of inter run fusion detected by UTPA in NDE-8826 give the same value as the actual value. However, the localisation of the defect is slightly different at 1.0 mm for UT detection. While the detection value for slag gives the same values for UT and UTPA, which also the same as the actual values. The detection of lack of penetration and lack of fusion in sample NDE-8827 was precisely can be detected by UT and UTPA; hence their datum value has slightly different in the centerline crack and porosity at 2.0 mm for UT measurement, and as for UTPA, it was found that the porosity at 3.0 mm which higher value compared to the actual value, 250 mm. From the result, a relevant indication from the UTPA and conventional UT collected it was found that the UTPA technique is capable of improving the Probability of Detection (POD) of defects compared to the conventional UT

ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE STUDIES ON LEAVES OF MACARANGA TANARIUS

Objective: This  study  investigated  the  antihyperlipidemic  and  hepatoprotective  effects  of  the  hexane-ethanol  fraction  of  methanol  extract  of Macaranga tanarius (HEM) in rats.Methods: The hexane-ethanol fraction was screened for toxicity by oral acute toxicity study. The antihyperlipidemic effect of the hexane-ethanol fraction and the unsolved of the hexane-ethanol fraction is measured against Wistar rats induced by glucose-fructose diets for 42 days through measuring serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and fasting blood glucose. The hepatoprotective effect of the hexane-ethanol fraction is determined against Wistar rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride through measuring serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bilirubin.Results: There is no toxic effect that was observed on acute toxicity study. The TG, LDL-c, and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced after both of treatment the hexane-ethanol fraction and the unsolved HEM. Administration of the hexane-ethanol fraction 68.6 mg/kgBW significantly (p<0.05) prevented elevation of SGPT, SGOT, LDH, ALP, and decreasing of albumin level.Conclusion: The study showed antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of the HEM in animal models.Keywords: Macaranga tanarius, Antihyperlipidemic, Hepatoprotective

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar Tentang Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun Menggunakan Media Video dan Gerak Lagu

Cuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS)menjadi salah satu kebiasaan baik yang perlu diajarkan kepada anak sekolah dasar. Selain menjadi cara untuk menjaga kebersihan tubuh, kebiasaan cuci tangan menggunakan sabun juga membuat anak terhindar dari berbagai gangguan kesehatan yang rentan terjadi. sekolah tidak hanya harus menjadi pusat Pendidikan yang diperuntukan untuk pembelajaran bidang akadmeik saja, tetapi harus menjadi tempat yang mendukung penyediaan Pendidikan yang berperan dalam pembentukan perilaku hidup sehat siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan siswa sekolah dasar tentang CTPS menggunakan media video dan gerak lagu pada siswa sekolah dasar GP Klabat. Peneliti menggunakan kuisioner yang diberikan kepada 30 siswa kelas IV,V dan VI SDGP Klabat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan metode pre and postest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pengetahuan siswa sebelum  diberikan intervensi adalah 51,8. Nilai paling rendah yaitu 31 dan yang paling tinggi adalah 100 setelah diberikan intervensi dengan media Video Rata-rata menjadi  92,07. Nilai paling rendah yaitu 69 dan yang paling tinggi adalah 100. Sedangkan, gerak dan lagu maka didapati hasil rata-rata yaitu 94.43. Nilai paling rendah yaitu 71 dan yang paling tinggi adalah 100. Pada pengujian independent t-test didapati keduanya memiliki nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,00 yang artinya berpengaruh pada peningkatan pengetahuan siswa. kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah media video dan gerak lagu dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa sekolah dasar tentang cuci tangan pakai sabun