Sales, The Process, Techniques, and It’s Application

Abstract In this paper, you will read about the entire sales process from open to close. The 7 main steps involved in selling will be explored. These steps are Prospecting, Qualification, Demonstration, Evaluation, Negotiation, Closing, and Nurturing (Freshworks, n.d.). There are many variations to each label of these steps but the main idea behind them remains; to fully understand the sales process, you must understand the concepts and objectives behind each step. After describing the sales steps, you will also read about different techniques used in each process described. The number of techniques available in each sales step is almost endless. Every salesperson has their own idea and personal experience with many techniques. There will be an abundance of these techniques explored and evaluated depending on the type of sale attempting to be achieved. Lastly, throughout the paper examples will be used to provide clarity for each sales step and technique. These examples will often involve general life experience to explain the idea that our entire life is a sale. This idea references the connection between daily life and the importance of communication, body language, and persuasion. These are keys features in the Sales Process. Keywords: Sales, Presentation, The Clos

A model to study the effects of whole life chronic exposure to arsenic or cadmium on the development of adult metabolic syndrome : initial characterization of hepatic changes.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases affecting \u3c 30% of adults. Although obesity is a major risk for the development of MetS, it does not account for all cases, suggesting contribution of other risk factors. We hypothesized that early life exposure to arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd) may represent such a risk. The purpose of this study was to characterize a model to discern the effects of early life exposures to Cd and As on high fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. Adult C57BL/6J mice were exposed to control or metals containing drinking water. Pregnant dams and offspring were continuously exposed to the same toxicants as their parents. At weaning, offspring were fed LFD or HFD and sacrificed 10 or 24 weeks later. Metal exposure caused time- and sex-dependent alterations in HFD-induced variables of liver damage. The initial results suggest that these toxicants enhanced obesity-induced liver injury

The effects of whole life, low dose cadmium exposure on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the role of zinc.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global public health concern affecting more than 25% of the world’s population. Although obesity is a major risk factor for NAFLD, it cannot account for many cases, indicating the importance of other factors such as sex and environmental exposures. Cadmium exposure is implicated in the development of NAFLD; however, the influence of early-life, in utero cadmium exposure on the development of diet-induced NAFLD is poorly understood. Therefore, we developed an in vivo, multiple-hit model to study the effect of whole-life, low-dose cadmium exposure on high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Additionally, we investigated the impact of dietary zinc supplementation on disease outcome as both obesity and cadmium disrupt zinc homeostasis and zinc deficiency is common in NAFLD patients. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice fed normal diets (ND) were exposed to 0, 0.5 or 5 ppm cadmium-containing drinking water for 14 weeks before breeding. At weaning, offspring were fed ND or HFD and continued on the same drinking water regimen as their parents. Male offspring were further subdivided into diets containing 30 or 90 mg zinc/4057 kcal, representing normal and zinc supplemented diet, respectively. Cadmium exposure altered HFD-associated weight gain and insulin resistance in males, but not females. In males only, cadmium exposure altered HFD-induced liver injury and NAFLD. Specifically, 0.5 ppm cadmium exposure rescued the adverse health effects of HFD while 5 ppm cadmium exposure exacerbated outcomes. Further, HFD blunted the response of metallothionein in mice exposed to 5 ppm cadmium but enhanced the response in male mice exposed to 0.5 ppm cadmium, suggesting a possible mechanism for cadmium altering HFD-induced NAFLD. Zinc supplementation rescued the adverse effects cause by HFD and 5 ppm cadmium exposure. Interestingly, in 5 ppm cadmium-exposed, HFD-fed female mice hepatic zinc levels were similar to levels in males after zinc supplementation. Overall, results from this study confirm the multi-hit nature of NAFLD, show whole life, low dose cadmium exposure alters HFD-induced NAFLD, and suggest a potential therapeutic role for zinc. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of sex as a risk factor in disease development

Zoster vaccine live for the prevention of shingles in the elderly patient

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a common disease in the elderly population that is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus. Its manifestations and complications can lead to significant short- and long-term morbidity. In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Zoster Vaccine Live (Zostavax®) for the prevention of herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults age 60 and over. The approval was based on the results of a large, multi-center clinical trial, the Shingles Prevention Study. This study showed that vaccination significantly decreased shingles incidence, burden of illness due to disease, and the development of, and severity of postherpetic neuralgia. This review offers an overview of varicella zoster virus infection and complications, a summary of the Shingles Prevention Study, and a critical analysis designed to aid the practicing physician who has questions about vaccine administration

Infection frequently triggers thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with preexisting risk factors : a single-institution experience

Thrombotic microangiopathies are rare conditions characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, microthrombi, and multiorgan insult. The disorders, which include hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, are often acute and life threatening. We report a retrospective analysis of 65 patients presenting to our institution from 1997 to 2008 with all forms of thrombotic microangiopathy. Therapeutic plasma exchange was a requirement for analysis and 65 patients were referred to our institution; 66% of patients were female and median age at presentation was 52 years. Bacterial infection was the most commonly identified etiologic factor and in the multivariate model was the only significant variable associated with survival outcome (odds ratio 5.1, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-21.7). As infection can be considered a common trigger event for thrombotic microangiopathy, patients with hepatobiliary sepsis may benefit from elective cholecystectomy. We conclude that bacterial infection frequently triggers TTP and other thrombotic microangiopathies in patients with preexisting risk factors and propose a model for the development of these syndromes

Investigation into contractors' responsible sourcing implementation practice

Over the last few years there has been an increasing demand for more efficient ways of procuring materials in terms of reducing their impacts on the environment. The UK Strategy for Sustainable Construction introduced a voluntary target of 25% of all resources in the construction industry to be responsibly sourced by 2012. At the time of writing there has been very limited research on responsible sourcing (RS), particularly in terms of contractors' current practices and implementation at project level. Therefore, an assessment of the current status of RS among the top 100 UK contractors has been captured using a questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews. The results indicate that no clear RS responsibility has been established, and there is no cohesive, top-down strategy from the strategic level (sustainability managers) to the implementation level (procurement mangers) in place in contracting companies. On the other hand, there was agreement that government leadership through the implementation of RS in all public projects could be a significant catalyst to drive RS in construction projects

Turbocompounding the Opposed-Piston 2-Stroke Engine

This paper presents analytical research conducted into the level of fuel consumption improvement that can be expected from turbocompounding a medium-duty opposed-piston 2-stroke engine, which is part of a hybridized vehicle propulsion system. It draws on a successful earlier study which showed a non-compounded opposed-piston engine to be clearly superior to other forms of 2-stroke engine, such as the widely adopted uniflow-scavenged poppet valve configuration. Electrical power transmission is proposed as the method of providing the necessary variable-speed drive to transmit excess turbine power to the system energy storage medium. The work employs one-dimensional engine simulation on a single-cylinder basis, using brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) as the reportable metric, coupled with positive or negative power flow to the engine from the compounder; this is a variation on an approach successfully used in earlier work. Here it shows the sensitivities of the overall system to cylinder pressure, the compressor and turbine efficiencies, exhaust backpressure and also provides a means to investigate the effect of the power transmission efficiency on the overall benefit. Reheating the air before the turbine is also investigated as a means of providing a “burst” performance facility, albeit at the expense of extra fuel consumption. Positive compounding work is shown to be achievable across all investigated engine operating points under certain conditions. Operating points at lower engine speeds showed an increased propensity for turbocompounding, with 5-6% of the brake torque arising from the compounder, compared to those at higher engine speeds, where a maximum of 4% was seen. BSFC was found to be highly dependent on compounding torque with improvements only arising from reducing backpressure. A better understanding of the flow restrictions of the exhaust aftertreatment and muffler systems, for a given application, would allow for more accurate determination of the possibility for BSFC reduction within realistic operating conditions