The Impact of a Sixth Grade Laptop Initiative on Student Attitudes Concerning Their Learning and Technological Competencies

This research explored the impact of a sixth grade one-to-one laptop initiative on student attitudes about learning and technological competencies. The study compared student preintervention and postintervention survey data prior to and after a sixth grade laptop intervention initiative. The survey responses were divided into 5 dimensions (School Subject Attitudes, Teaching and Learning Preferences, Computer Use Perceptions, Technology Skills, and Personal Attitudes and Behaviors) on both pre- and postsurveys. District means were compared with preintervention and postintervention data, as well as the means from the 5 dimensions, using a one-sample t-test with a midpoint test value of 3 on a 5-point scale. Ninety students participated in the preintervention survey and 93 students participated in the postintervention survey across 3 schools. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in student responses in 4 of the 5 dimensions except Teaching and Learning Preferences. Overall the findings on the 2 dimensions related to technological competencies had statistically significant scores on the postintervention survey, whereas the findings on 2 of the 3 sections related to student attitudes about learning had statistically significant scores. In conclusion, generally the laptop intervention initiative had an overall positive impact on student attitudes and technological competencies. The researcher concluded that the timing of the postsurvey, as well as the research taking place during the first year of implementation could have had an impact on the Teaching and Learning Preferences results. Examining the impact of one-to-one initiatives on student attitudes about learning and technological competencies could support districts in making the decision of adopting this technology

Cycles, wheels, and gears in finite planes

The existence of a primitive element of $GF(q)$ with certain properties is used to prove that all cycles that could theoretically be embedded in $AG(2,q)$ and $PG(2,q)$ can, in fact, be embedded there (i.e. these planes are `pancyclic'). We also study embeddings of wheel and gear graphs in arbitrary projective planes

A Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Tanzania

This document presents a review of the research landscape in Tanzania in relation to EdTech research focused on learners, teachers, or systems at the level of school-based education, excluding higher education (HE). The review draws upon the research literature, policy documents, grey literature, and interviews with key stakeholders in order to present an overview of the research landscape in Tanzania. There is a substantial body of relevant EdTech research which has been undertaken in Tanzania in the past decade. Eighty research articles were identified for inclusion in the review. This document provides an overview of trends in this literature and key actors and projects, and provides a specific focus upon existing research which relates to EdTech Hub’s ‘high-potential evidence gaps’ (HPEG) framework. In combination with political economy analysis, three areas for future research which would be practical and likely to have high impact are identified and described

Morphoproteomic profiling of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in desmoplastic small round cell tumor (EWS/WT1), Ewing's sarcoma (EWS/FLI1) and Wilms' tumor(WT1).

BackgroundDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma in adolescents and young adults. The hallmark of this disease is a EWS-WT1 translocation resulting from apposition of the Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) gene with the Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene. We performed morphoproteomic profiling of DSRCT (EWS-WT1), Ewing's sarcoma (EWS-FLI1) and Wilms' tumor (WT1) to better understand the signaling pathways for selecting future targeted therapies.MethodologyThis pilot study assessed patients with DSRCT, Wilms' tumor and Ewing's sarcoma. Morphoproteomics and immunohistochemical probes were applied to detect: p-mTOR (Ser2448); p-Akt (Ser473); p-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204); p-STAT3 (Tyr 705); and cell cycle-related analytes along with their negative controls.Principal findingsIn DSRCT the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is constitutively activated by p-Akt (Ser 473) expression in the nuclear compartment of the tumor cells and p-mTOR phosphorylated on Ser 2448, suggesting mTORC2 (rictor+mTOR) as the dominant form. Ewing's sarcoma had upregulated p-Akt and p-mTOR, predominantly mTORC2. In Wilm's tumor, the mTOR pathway is also activated with most tumor cells moderately expressing p-mTOR (Ser 2448) in plasmalemmal and cytoplasmic compartments. This coincides with the constitutive activation of one of the downstream effectors of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, namely p-p70S6K (Thr 389). There was constitutive activation of the Ras/Raf/ERK pathway p-ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) expression in the Wilms tumor and metastatic Ewing's sarcoma, but not in the DSRCT.ConclusionMORPHOPROTEOMIC TUMOR ANALYSES REVEALED CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF THE MTOR PATHWAY AS EVIDENCED BY: (a) expression of phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-p70S6K; (b) mTORC 2 in EWS and DSRCT; (c) ERK signaling was seen in the advanced setting indicating these as resistance pathways to IGF1R related therapies. This is the first morphoproteomic study of such pathways in these rare malignancies and may have potential therapeutic implications. Further study using morphoproteomic assessments of these tumors are warranted

Global restructuring and resistance in an age of austerity: a critical political economy of the Eurozone crisis in Greece and Portugal

This thesis analyses the political economic origins of, and responses to, the eurozone crisis in Greece and Portugal. Part 1 develops a Critical Political Economy (CPE) approach to studying the economic development of European capitalism(s). The development of this CPE approach takes place through a critical engagement with authors employing a Varieties of Capitalism Approach (VoC). This critique is considered important as the VoC approach offers an institutionalist theory of capitalist diversity. Instead, what is required when explaining trajectories of development, change and contestation across European varieties of capitalism is a capitalist theory of institutional diversity. In other words, whilst varieties of capitalism do evidently exist, the institutional diversity they exhibit (whether it be path-dependent or transformed) is always and already embedded as varieties in capitalism. This has to be taken seriously to adequately explain the systemic origins of, and responses to, the eurozone crisis in Greece and Portugal. Part 2 focuses on the historical origins of the eurozone crisis (1985-2009). It highlights the constitutive role that European integration, both as a supranational institutional and a transnationalising capitalist project, has played in shaping Greece’s and Portugal’s uneven and combined political economic trajectories towards crisis. It also focuses on the agency of class forces within each national political economy, and how this hegemonic project was internalised and conditioned by specific national dynamics that sought to pursue developmental ‘catch-up’ with ‘core’ European states. Empirically, this is analysed along two lines. The first focuses on the inability of each political economy to generate export-led growth that may have offset the accumulation of large amounts of externally-held debt. Here, the role of transnational capital and of new emerging competition in the ‘global south’ and Europe is highlighted. The second focuses on institutional transformations driven particularly by the prerogatives of European integration. This is specifically in relation to the privatisation and liberalisation of financial banking sectors, which led to the emergence of debt-led accumulation and economic growth. Part 3 focuses on the political economic responses to the eurozone crisis in Greece and Portugal (2010-2016). The primary aim of this section is to analyse the political economy of ‘expansionary austerity’ that has been presented as a technocratic means by which to pursue an ‘exit’ from the crisis. Repoliticising the response demonstrates how a shift in the balance of class forces across both political economies has taken place as capitalist discipline and domination is deepened and expanded, reinforced by a turn towards ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. Further, analysis of the response to the crisis would suffer considerably if conducted on the basis that the attempt to deepen and expand capitalist domination faced little contest. The principles and policies of expansionary austerity, enacted through fiscal austerity and global capitalist restructuring, have faced resistance and alternative forms of political economic organisation from labour. The second predominant aim of Part 3 is to focus on how labour (broadly defined) has struggled against, and have proposed and practiced alternatives beyond, the conditionality deemed a necessity within the MoUs and the capitalist domination inherent to these. The thesis concludes by discussing the wider implications of the eurozone crisis for Europe’s political economy as a whole, and Greece’s and Portugal’s future within it

The recruitment of knowledge regarding plurality and compound formation during language comprehension

Compound formation has been a major focus of research and debate in mental lexicon research. In particular, it has been widely observed that compounds with a regular plural non-head are dispreferred, and a long line of research has examined the nature of this constraint, including which morphological, semantic or phonological properties of the non-head underlie this dispreference. While it is typically assumed that this constraint in fact leads to the barring of a compound analysis to a noun-noun string which would otherwise violate the constraint, its implementation during sentence comprehension has not been thoroughly examined. Using self-paced reading, we demonstrate that knowledge of pluralization and compound formation is immediately utilized in the assignment of structure to noun-noun strings, and that the dispreference for regular plural non-heads in fact leads the parser away from the compound analysis in favor of a more complex grammatical alternative. These results provide new evidence for the online deployment of knowledge regarding pluralization and its interaction with compound formation, and inform our understanding of how morphological information is deployed during, and impacts real-time sentence comprehension

Master of Public Administration (MPA) Program, Capstone

44 pagesThe sun is our most impressive source of energy. More than one million times the earth’s size, every year the sun provides ten times more energy than is stored in all the world’s reserves of coal and oil. The amount and intensity of sunlight varies by location, climate conditions, as well as daily and seasonal trends. Although southern states such as Arizona, California, and New Mexico receive the most sunlight during the year, Iowa ranks among the top third in the United States in the technical potential for solar energy production. Iowa’s 16th-place ranking puts it ahead of many states to the south including Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Iowa’s rooftop solar energy potential alone could meet close to 20% of Iowa’s annual electric needs under optimal conditions. The decentralized approach to electricity generation through the creation of small-scale and distributed energy facilities has done wonders for solar proliferation in the state of Iowa as well as had a positive impact on the state’s economic development. Solar energy in Iowa now powers farms, businesses, universities, utilities, communities, and industries, as well as vehicles, and homes in the state. The purpose of this study is to analyze Iowa’s current solar energy blueprint by focusing on current practices, financial aspects, recent policy, and potential limitations. At the heart of this study is the examination of the northeast Iowa community of Decorah where renewable practices are epitomized with more than 50 solar projects found in a town of only 8,000 people. This study will correlate current policy and financial considerations to the case study of Decorah in order to help build a model for solar proliferation in the state of Iowa. It will show that although there may not be a perfect model for solar proliferation for each community in Iowa, there are many recommendations to help the process, including reauthorizing the state solar energy tax credit, cities creating community gardens, and electric utilities’ re-framing of the term “distributed generation” for becoming a comprehensible term which would boost understanding and awareness for potential ratepayers.Professor Allen Zagoren DO, MP

Sarcospan Regulates Cardiac Isoproterenol Response and Prevents Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Cardiomyopathy.

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a fatal cardiac and skeletal muscle disease resulting from mutations in the dystrophin gene. We have previously demonstrated that a dystrophin-associated protein, sarcospan (SSPN), ameliorated Duchenne muscular dystrophy skeletal muscle degeneration by activating compensatory pathways that regulate muscle cell adhesion (laminin-binding) to the extracellular matrix. Conversely, loss of SSPN destabilized skeletal muscle adhesion, hampered muscle regeneration, and reduced force properties. Given the importance of SSPN to skeletal muscle, we investigated the consequences of SSPN ablation in cardiac muscle and determined whether overexpression of SSPN into mdx mice ameliorates cardiac disease symptoms associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy.Methods and resultsSSPN-null mice exhibited cardiac enlargement, exacerbated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and increased fibrosis in response to β-adrenergic challenge (isoproterenol; 0.8 mg/day per 2 weeks). Biochemical analysis of SSPN-null cardiac muscle revealed reduced sarcolemma localization of many proteins with a known role in cardiomyopathy pathogenesis: dystrophin, the sarcoglycans (α-, δ-, and γ-subunits), and β1D integrin. Transgenic overexpression of SSPN in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice (mdx(TG)) improved cardiomyofiber cell adhesion, sarcolemma integrity, cardiac functional parameters, as well as increased expression of compensatory transmembrane proteins that mediate attachment to the extracellular matrix.ConclusionsSSPN regulates sarcolemmal expression of laminin-binding complexes that are critical to cardiac muscle function and protects against transient and chronic injury, including inherited cardiomyopathy

The Affordable Care Act's Payment and Delivery System Reforms: A Progress Report at Five Years

In addition to its expansion and reform of health insurance coverage, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) contains numerous provisions intended to resolve underlying problems in how health care is delivered and paid for in the United States. These provisions focus on three broad areas: testing new delivery models and spreading successful ones, encouraging the shift toward payment based on the value of care provided, and developing resources for systemwide improvement. This brief describes these reforms and, where possible, documents their initial impact at the ACA's five-year mark. While it is still far too early to offer any kind of definitive assessment of the law's transformation-seeking reforms, it is clear that the ACA has spurred activity in both the public and private sectors, and is contributing to momentum in states and localities across the U.S. to improve the value obtained for our health care dollars

Selection of chromosomal DNA libraries using a multiplex CRISPR system.

The directed evolution of biomolecules to improve or change their activity is central to many engineering and synthetic biology efforts. However, selecting improved variants from gene libraries in living cells requires plasmid expression systems that suffer from variable copy number effects, or the use of complex marker-dependent chromosomal integration strategies. We developed quantitative gene assembly and DNA library insertion into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome by optimizing an efficient single-step and marker-free genome editing system using CRISPR-Cas9. With this Multiplex CRISPR (CRISPRm) system, we selected an improved cellobiose utilization pathway in diploid yeast in a single round of mutagenesis and selection, which increased cellobiose fermentation rates by over 10-fold. Mutations recovered in the best cellodextrin transporters reveal synergy between substrate binding and transporter dynamics, and demonstrate the power of CRISPRm to accelerate selection experiments and discoveries of the molecular determinants that enhance biomolecule function