Hepatic benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in liver disorders

Diabetic patients are at higher risk of liver dysfunction compared with the normal population. Thus, using hypoglycemic agents to improve liver efficiency is important in these patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporters-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are newly developed antidiabetic drugs with potent glucose-lowering effects. However, recent limited evidence suggests that they have extra-glycemic benefits and may be able to exert protective effects on the liver. Hence, these drugs could serve as promising pharmacological agents with multiple benefits against different hepatic disorders. In this review, the current knowledge about the possible effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on different forms of liver complications and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed

Brain insulin signaling and cognition: possible links

Poor cognitive ability is a consequence of a wide variety of neurobehavioral disorders and is a growing health problem, especially among the elderly and patients with diabetes. The precise underlying cause of this complica-tion is not well-defined. However, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of insulin hormone signaling in brain tissue. Insulin is a metabolic peptide integral to whole body energy homeostasis; it does, however, have extrametabolic impacts, such as upon neuronal circuits. Therefore, it has been suggested that insulin signaling may modify cognitive ability by yet unknown pathways. In the current review, we discuss the cognitive role of brain insulin signaling and consider the possible links between brain insulin signaling and cognitive ability. </p

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and mitochondrial functions: state of the art

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a class of newly introduced antidiabetic drugs with potent hypoglycemic effects. Recent evidence suggests that these drugs have extraglycemic impacts and are therefore able to provide additional benefits beyond glucose lowering. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central facet of many disorders that negatively impacts many tissues and organs, especially in the setting of diabetes. Therefore, it would be hugely beneficial if an antidiabetic drug could also provide mitochondrial benefits to improve cellular function and reduce the risk of diabetic complications. In this review, we have surveyed the literature for possible mitochondrial benefits of SGLT2is and we discuss the possible mechanisms involved. </p

Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Serum Amyloid A Protein: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition and this meta-analysis evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery on SAA. Methods: Studies included all types of bariatric surgery where SAA was measured before and after the surgical procedure. Results: Meta-analysis of 11 clinical studies (n = 394 individuals) confirmed a significant reduction in SAA following bariatric surgery (SMD: − 0.971, 95% CI: − 2.721, 0.779, p < 0.001). Meta-regression did not show any association between the changes in BMI and the absolute difference in SAA levels. No relationship between the changes in SAA and the length of follow-up was found. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery significantly improved SAA. The decrease in SAA was not related to time after surgery or changes in BMI. Bariatric surgery may thus have an independent effect on SAA. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Effect of bariatric surgery on serum amyloid A protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition and this meta-analysis evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery on SAA. Methods: Studies included all types of bariatric surgery where SAA was measured before and after the surgical procedure. Results: Meta-analysis of 11 clinical studies (n = 394 individuals) confirmed a significant reduction in SAA following bariatric surgery (SMD: - 0.971, 95% CI: - 2.721, 0.779, p Conclusion: Bariatric surgery significantly improved SAA. The decrease in SAA was not related to time after surgery or changes in BMI. Bariatric surgery may thus have an independent effect on SAA.</p