Rockshelter Excavations in the Caves Branch River Valley

Research by the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance project during the summers of 2005 and 2006 focused on the excavation of the Caves Branch Rockshelter, as well as the initial surveying and test pitting of other sites in the surrounding river valley. The data from the Caves Branch Rockshelter suggest that a small farming community used it as a cemetery sometime during the Protoclassic period, after which other local groups occasionally visited it. The skeletal population from the cemetery includes both sexes and all age groups, including a high ratio of infants. These demographic proportions are typical of pre-industrial societies, though are rarely found at Maya sites because of cultural bias in mortuary patterning at complex urban centers. The age and sex ratios of the skeletal population, as well as the lack of signs of social complexity in this early, rural community, suggest that this context may contain a relatively complete population that could serve as a skeletal reference population, thus aiding in future bioarchaeological studies of the ancient Maya

A case of mistaken identity: classic Kaposi sarcoma misdiagnosed as a diabetic foot ulcer in an atypical patient

Abstract Background The presentation of Kaposi sarcoma is divided into four known clinical subtypes. In this case report we describe classic Kaposi sarcoma in an African-American heterosexual, diabetic, seronegative human immunodeficiency virus male. Classic Kaposi sarcoma is rare in this patient demographic and can be easily misdiagnosed. Case presentation The patient presented with a lesion between the fourth and fifth digits of his right foot which was initially diagnosed as a diabetic foot ulcer. Despite local wound care, the lesion did not resolve. A shave biopsy was performed and histopathology findings were consistent with classic Kaposi sarcoma. Conclusions The patient tolerated local radiotherapy well and had complete resolution of his pedal lesion. There have been emerging associations between diabetes and Kaposi sarcoma. As such, clinicians should have a low threshold when considering the biopsy of suspicious pedal lesions in patients with diabetes. The utilization of appropriate biopsy technique may lead to the diagnosis of classic KS tumors in populations outside of the current four widely accepted clinical subtypes.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152178/1/40842_2019_Article_83.pd

Prognostic Value of Diagnostic Sonography in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135343/1/jum201534101729.pd

Dissociation of Response and Feedback Negativity in Schizophrenia: Electrophysiological and Computational Evidence for a Deficit in the Representation of Value

Contrasting theories of schizophrenia propose that the disorder is characterized by a deficit in phasic changes in dopamine activity in response to ongoing events or, alternatively, by a weakness in the representation of the value of responses. Schizophrenia patients have reliably reduced brain activity following incorrect responses but other research suggests that they may have intact feedback-related potentials, indicating that the impairment may be specifically response-related. We used event-related brain potentials and computational modeling to examine this issue by comparing the neural response to outcomes with the neural response to behaviors that predict outcomes in patients with schizophrenia and psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects. We recorded feedback-related activity in a passive gambling task and a time estimation task and error-related activity in a flanker task. Patients’ brain activity following an erroneous response was reduced compared to comparison subjects but feedback-related activity did not differ between groups. To test hypotheses about the possible causes of this pattern of results, we used computational modeling of the electrophysiological data to simulate the effects of an overall reduction in patients’ sensitivity to feedback, selective insensitivity to positive or negative feedback, reduced learning rate, and a decreased representation of the value of the response given the stimulus on each trial. The results of the computational modeling suggest that schizophrenia patients exhibit weakened representation of response values, possibly due to failure of the basal ganglia to strongly associate stimuli with appropriate response alternatives